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Username: babybows
Date/Time: Mon, March 5, 2001 at 12:57 AM GMT
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Subject: Review Working Group Report on Constituencies

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          Report of the Review Working Group -- Topic:  Constituencies

March 2001; Editor:  Danny Younger

INTRODUCTION 

While an editor's synopsis has been provided at the end of this report, anyone reading the chronicle of the Review Working Group's comments on constituencies cannot fail to arrive at certain self-evident conclusions, namely:  the DNSO is deemed by all to be a dysfunctional body, and that necessary changes will require either the abolition of the current constituency structure  or the formation of additional constituencies in order to resolve the issue of appropriate representation.  

Every effort has been made to include all comments by every participant to the Review Working Group on the topic of constituencies.  These comments are presented as if in a threaded topical forum so that each given subject may be examined to the fullest possible degree.

EXPECTATIONS

     As one who does have the job of examining and passing on the output of the DNSO - I expect well formed policy decisions, including analysis of the competing views, and backed by procedures that give me confidence that all parties have had the opportunity to fair participate.   http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00192.html

     I support the determination of group opinion by the use of solid procedures that include the placement of clearly articulated issues before a clearly formed electorate who make clear votes that are counted. As it stands, as a member of the ICANN Board of Directors, I am very unlikely to give credence to any matter that comes out of the DNSO unless I see objective data indicating that the DNSO has reached its conclusion by something better than the hand waving that has to date been called "consensus".  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00722.html 

THE HISTORY

Review Working Group members felt it necessary to provide a background on the development/creation of the current constituencies for the benefit of newcomers to the group:

     Whilst I agree that a picture of ICANN redesigning itself is unlikely (but, not completely impossible), it is completely feasible that the DNSO could be redesigned by ICANN. After all, ICANN gave birth to the DNSO in the first place. This is especially true since there still exist a few different DNSO templates (I presented one of them). Many of us have been working on these for quite a few years, from before DNSO genesis. IMHO, most of the current DNSO structure problems comes from the fact that, ICANN created the current DNSO by mashing a few of those templates together, without understanding. There are some important pieces missing and others don't fit at all/well. Although I am loath to use analogy, it is like building a car, having pieces left over, and wondering why it doesn't run right, if at all.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01577.html 

     ISOC runs ICANN. It doesn't need any constituency, much less another one in addition to the NCDNHC, which it already controls.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00078.html  

     Let me second these statements and add that I am not surprised of the outcome. Open WGs on sensitive subjects are cans of worms. The first such can was opened during the IAHC's days - and the US DOC banged their fist on the table and did whatever they wanted to do, disregarding the discussions. 4 years later I feel like it's deja-vu...  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01439.html 

     Instead, the relevant questions are who controls ICANN, and what does ICANN do, not the fine rhetoric and bizarre and baroque internal representational structures are enshrined in the bylaws. Whoever controls ICANN can modify the bylaws as they see fit, and nits about the exact circumstances under which the bylaws can be changed, or the legal constraints on bylaw changes, do not materially alter this fundamental point.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02403.html

     I was and still am in opposition to the current DNSO structure, a position I share with many people not present on this list who dropped out of the DNSO when it became apparent that its structure was being rigged by CORE and the ICANN Board, or who were forced out of the DNSO by them.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00081.html

     It is that some, within the DNSO and the ICANN, have jerrymandered "constituancies" and have then called *those* the only visible stakeholders. We all know that there are some GLARING holes in that stakeholder model and that they were left there intentionally and we even know what those intentions were. Whats more, some of us have suspected that, since the paris-draft DNSO proposal compromise.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00042.html

     In fact, the current constituency was developed bottom up -- the constituencies that exist (with the sole exception of the NCC) are there because the members considered the DNSO important enough to participate in from the very beginning. The constituency structure was not imposed from the outside -- it was developed by actual "stakeholders" fighting it out (literally).  Moreover, some constituencies exist because there is a legitimate special place for them in the ICANN structure -- the registrars and registry constituencies are composed of a very restricted set of entities with very special contractual relationships with ICANN.  The current constituency structure is in fact a very hard-fought compromise.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00047.html

     Many stakeholders involved in the NewCo process were denied the right to have a constituency. This includes especially the independent domain name holders and the non-commercial domain name holders, who were represented throughout the formation of the DNSO. All stakeholders who were not chosen by CORE and ISOC to have constituencies were eliminated from the DNSO, which was created by CORE through a series of manipulated and jerrymandered meetings. There was no bottom-up process whatsoever.  The fact that there was fighting is evidence that it was not a bottom-up process and that the structure of the constituencies was indeed imposed from the outside. If the constituencies had been allowed to develop naturally there should have been no fighting. All would have been accommodated. Instead, the winners of the fight (who won because they were aided and abetted by the Board, which had destined the DNSO for certain interests) pushed out their opponents.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00050.html  

     A few of CORE's involvements in proposed and/or accepted new TLDs: -- CORE applied for .nom. -- CORE was the proposed registry operator for .health. -- CORE is the proposed registry operator for .museum. -- CORE was the proposed registry operator for .post -- CORE is a member of the Afilias consortium of domain registrars (CORE members) which applied for .info, .site, and .web -- CORE is a technology partner in the context of .air. -- CORE is a proposed outsourcing partner for .biz, proposed by iDomains, a project of a CORE member. CORE represented 98% of the testbed domain name registrars in ICANN's initial registrar accreditation. CORE represents over 50% of domain name registrars presently accredited by ICANN. CORE is incorporated in Switzerland in order to evade the U.S. antitrust laws. CORE was created by ISOC, and officers of CORE are also officers of ISOC. CORE and ISOC together created ICANN. CORE members proposed the DNSO constituency structure, and formed the DNSO through meetings called by CORE. Ken Stubbs is the President of CORE.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00539.html 

     Here you are making a mistake. You apparently do not know the history or actual composition of the NCDNHC consitutency, which was given to ISOC by the ICANN Board and which is still controlled by ISOC. Even its mailing list is run by ISOC. To give another constituency to ISOC would be a further outrage. ISOC should not have even one, since it is a second-level organization whose members fit into other constituencies (registrars, ISPs, etc.). Giving ISOC the NCDNHC was like giving ISPC, an association of ISPs, its own constituency. It should never have been done in the first place. Suggesting that ISOC be given yet another constituency is a grievous error.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00054.html 

     The places, for the current constituencies, were created, out of whole cloth, by the ICANN BoD, using criteria that no one has been able to discern.  Also, there was at least one other constituency that cried out for creation...it wasn't.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00268.html 

     Go to http://www.dnso.org/history/www.dnso.org/docs/barcelona-meeting-notes.html There you will find several proposals involving constituencies. Here's Amadeu's proposal for the structure of what we called in this meeting the "excom" or the "DNSO board", which later came to call the "Names Council": 15 member board Registries: 5 [6] Registrars: 2 [3] Network connectivity etc: 4 Commercial users: 3 Trademark interests: 1 At large: 3 [2] Here's some further interesting quotes from that page, on the same topic: Bernard T. (representing ccTLD interests) proposed alternate excomm allocation to constituencies: 19 member board Registries: 8 (regional integrity) 66% funding Registrars: 3 (11% funding) Network connectivity etc: 3 (11% funding) Commercial users: 2 (11% funding) Trademark interests: 0 (ex officio standing committee) plus At large: 3 (users and at large) [heated discussion followed] Kent C. later presented a more balanced proposal for contrast: 19 member board Registries: 3 (fund ICANN costs related to dns administration) Registrars: 2 Network connectivity etc: 2 Commercial users: 2 Trademark interests: 2 plus At large: 8 Moratorium on heated discussion called. New Topic: Decision processes I recommend to everyone that they look over this history. We've been around all these posts multiple times before.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00281.html 

     The only connection between that DNSO.ORG and the current organization is the domain name that Amadeu donated to the ICANN, after the smoke had cleared. Whilst y'all were playing the disenfranchisement game, in Barcelona and Monterrey, Some of us were working on the proposal that I linked in earlier. Then you guys played three-card monte with the competing proposals. The whole mess went on to Paris, Singapore and later to Berlin. Yes, all proposals had something about contituencies. However, every proposal had a more flexible model then the one ICANN built. I wont mention the venue where you played switcheroony with the DNSO.ORG proposal.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00308.html 

     Yes, that is what "consensus" has been used for in ICANN. The DNSO and all its sub-structures were created by tyranny of the chair, with the chair always in the hands of the same group of people - CORE - who had a pre-determined agenda (the stacking of the constituencies) and a pre-determined plan of action (to get the chair of every committee, by posing as disinterested individuals, and then use "consensus" for approving CORE's policies).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00728.html 

     The ICANN interim Board was directly responsible for tilting the balance of power towards the DNSO formation proposal which eventually won out, and the constituencies defined by that winning proposal, together with their representation in the Names Council, were a result of that skewing by the Board. There were, in matter of fact, just as many spokespeople for independent domain name holders and users present at DNSO formation meetings as there were for business and trademark interests, but they were not supported by the Board, which made the ultimate decisions about constitutencies and therefore the NC. When the Board of Directors allows only one constitutency for assorted domain name holders and end-users, and six for business interests (infrastructureal and otherwise), there can be no natural sorting-out of the political strength of the actors. Furthermore, to portray the formation process of the DNSO as a natural political one is a distortion of the actual process that occurred, which was not natural. The over-represented interests, both in constitutencies and in the NC, were abetted at every stage by the Board.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00358.html 

     The ISPs will never agree to ICANN control over the root zone or anything else unless they have a strong veto power over anything that ICANN does. This is true for other entities in the ICANN orbit, as well -- governments want veto power over ICANN actions, registries want veto powers over ICANN actions, etc. The cold fact is that ICANN sits in the middle of a bunch of entities who own their own stuff, and don't really have to pay attention to ICANN. ICANN will only get somewhere if it is *useful* to the ISPs, registries, governments, and so on. That is, there is no mechanism by which ICANN can "give us a say", if by that you mean "give us some control" (ICANN can of course provide a forum, but it already does that). But the bottom line is that ICANN doesn't have the power to give any control to the end users. This is a very fundamental misunderstanding that people have about the nature of ICANN -- they think that they need to get in and restructure ICANN so that they can get control. But that power isn't available to ICANN in the first place.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01422.html 

     Indeed, the persons claiming to represent ISPs and connectivity providers, on the one hand, and commercial and business entities, on the other, are in no way representative of even a sizable minority of the community they claim to speak for in the DNSO, yet they were granted consitutencies and a place on the Names Council. The same is true for users as for individual domain name holders. The ICIIU had grouped together numerous organizations of non-commercial and non-profit Internet users, some of them large and international in membership, and hoped to build a constituency on this base. That was not in the interests of the Board and their chosen DNSO colleagues, so we were not permitted to form a constituency, which was instead given to ISOC, a so-called "non-profit corporation" which, however, receives most of its funding from large corporations, hardly the sort of organization that should form the base of a non-commercial constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00360.html 

     If the ISPs chose to use an alternative root-zone, different from that controlled by the ICANN, there's nothing the ICANN could do about it. The individual ISPs could also get together and build their own IP address registry. Actually, so could the ccTLDs. Some of them are national ISPs (jp?).  ICANN has not yet been handed control of the root-zone, so they don't even have that much. It is still with /USG/DOC/NTIA. The whole point of this excersize is to get things where we DO have a say.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01389.html 

     This is the same lame excuse that has been used for the past two years to delay the formation of one of the most badly needed missing constituencies. Where was his great concern about "inclusiveness" when the ISP constituency was formed, or the NCDNHC, or the Business Constituency, none of which includes even one hundredth of the stakeholders in its area? For that matter, when has he or anyone else from CORE ever been concerned that the DNSO as a whole is the most blatently uninclusive Internet body that ever pretended to make policy for the Internet? The truth is the exact opposite of what he pretends. What he is concerned about is that, with the acceptance of an IDNHC, there might finally be a modicum of inclusiveness in the DNSO and ICANN. This is his great fear, because it could sound the death-knell of CORE and ISOC's control of the Internet governance process.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00515.html 

     > Actually, this idea was a part of the original DNSO proposal. No, it wasn't. The original DNSO proposal had constituencies from the start. The proposal you are referring came months later, outside the mainstream DNSO development (which is fairly well chronicled at http://www.dnso.org/history/www.dnso.org/index.html). The original DNSO proposal is at http://www.dnso.org/history/www.dnso.org/docs/draft1.htm If you take a look at it you will find the following constituencies proposed: A. Registries in gTLDs [xx] members B. Registries in ccTLDs [xx members] C. Registrars [xx members] D. Operators and service providers [xx members] E. Business organizations other than operators and service providers [xx members] F. Organizations primarily concerned with the interests of trademark owners [xx members] G. Consumers [xx members] H. At large members distributed geographically: 1. Americas [xx members] 2. Europe, Africa and the Middle East [xx members] 3. Asia-Pacific [xx members] The "xx members" refers to the number of members on the "governing committee" that each constituency was to get -- the numbers were left open for discussion purposes. This proposal was designed to follow the requirements for the DNSO defined in the then-current ICANN bylaws. There were constituencies in the proposal simply because the bylaws specified that "stakeholder groups" would be represented. There was a major misunderstanding about what was meant by the term "names council" in those bylaws. Later, the term "governing committee" was replaced by the term "names council". Also, the 5 current ICANN geographical regions weren't known then -- that's why only three were specified. Later the "consumers" were merged into the "at large" -- there wasn't any clear way to distinguish them. The geographical distribution specification was dropped because the requirement was made general for all constituencies. Later still the at-large constituency was dropped altogether -- there was only one person really fighting for it, and that was me (you will see references to my lonely struggle in the notes -- I was the scribe for the first two meetings, so I made sure it was recorded ;-)). The primary opponents to the idea at that time were the ccTLDs, incidentally, who were diligently trying to take control of the DNSO. The "fluid constituencies" model was discarded as unworkable. It's one of those things that sounds good at a shallow level, but when you got to the details no one could figure out a way for it to work. It sounds good, but in fact it changes the voting structure, which means it changes the decision mechanism, which means that the decision process is in relatively constant flux, which means ultimately that you need someone to oversee the constituency changes, but who would that be? The ICANN board was frequently cited as the ultimate oversight body for constituency changes, but the ICANN board simply didn't want to be involved in overseeing a constantly changing structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02572.html

THE PROBLEMS

     I rewrote what was posted earlier by one wiser than I; Status Quo is the only unacceptable solution.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02377.html

     The problem here though is that it appears that ICANN does not follow the recommendations from any work group. The work groups ICANN deploys are controlled by ICANN and appear to be facades for the public to believe that they are participating or contributing to ICANN, when in fact there contributions mean nothing to ICANN.  My suggestion for a solutions here is that ICANN must immediately show that it is changing its erroneous policy.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02102.html 

     This WG is intended to come up with answers that will fix the current fiasco that is the DNSO. The structure is weak. The foundation's bad, the entire structure threatens to collapse. I have witnessed one process hi-jacking after another. It has led to a foundation built on quicksand. My analysis reveals that the DNSO has only come to this juncture because everyone else has stopped playing with it. Two years ago, I stated that this is one probable result of the process hi-jacking and systematic disenfranchisement that created the DNSO. Such disenfranchisement is at the core of the reasons that the DNSO has no credibility. None with the ICANN BoD, the ccTLDs, or anywhere else. Some consider it nothing more than a political circus. A circus of no substance whatsoever. This is matched by the fact that the DNSO has not emitted anything remotely resembling substantive output, since its inception. Yet, we are asked, in five short weeks, during one of the biggest holidays of the year, to come up with a remedy, a fix, a curative, for the ailment of the DNSO. Moreover, we are asked to do this as a result of a collaborrative effort.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01554.html
 
     I'm here because the DNSO is dysfunctional and this working group is a critical test of whether ICANN has either the capability or the will to fix it. What needs most attention, in my opinion, is constituency structure. So I am glad to see representatives of ccTLDs and advocates of an individual's constituency here. Like the non-commercials, these groups are badly served by the current structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00031.html

     The system at the moment is certainly not bottom up. It is a full on top down system with some illusion and lip service to being bottom up with the Constituencies. The controls in place however negate even those concessions. The system needs to be opened up and participants empowered more. Then I do believe we would see far more participation.  The model limits participation. It is inherent in the structure. I'm starting to believe that was the intention. I can not see how the design was implemented without realising the implications involved. It would appear to me, intentional.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02654.html

     Constituency Contributions: 1 It continues to be troubling that only 2 of the 7 constituencies submitted reports from their constituency as a whole. As Ms Swinehart commented in Marina Del Rey, the entire process has been "like pulling teeth". The ccTLD, business, non-commercial, and registrar constituencies together represent the vast bulk of constituency members within the DNSO. The failure of these constituencies to report as bodies may have significant implications for the constituency structure of the DNSO. It should be noted that the task force made every attempt it could to involve the constituencies, and the failure of that attempt is not due to negligence or lack of effort on the part of the review task force. This may indicate a structural problem.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02389.html

     This WG is about addressing the failure of the DNSO to operate its core business, according to the DNSO charter handed down by the ICANN BoD.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01751.html 

     My reading of the by-laws and other documents indicates a proper procedure in place but a complete failure to abide by it on behalf of ICANN.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01445.html 

     Checks and balances on implimentation as well as on onesided or arbitrary decision making are lacking in the current DNSO/ICANN structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02605.html

     The concept seems to be that up to this point the system has not worked. DNSO has offered to review why it has not worked.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01458.html 

     The Names Council has so far proved itself incapable of developing policy. The Council has taken the approach that it should primarily rely on policy work done by the Working Groups and should ratify the consensus, where appropriate, that those groups bring forward. Yet where a working group is unable to reach a conclusion (as with Working Group B), or where the Names Council is unwilling to endorse a working-group recommendation (as in the case of Working Group C), the council has been able to say little. Its members wrangle for several hours at their meetings, adopt a policy statement at a level of generality high enough to satisfy nearly all of them, and leave the remaining issues to ICANN staff in the guise of "implementation." ICANN staff then address the policy issues in the way they think best.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html

     Is the DNSO in need of reform? Total number of voters: 37 Agree 36 Votes 97.2973% Not sure 1 vote 2.7027%  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01312.html

     In particular, the NC should > adopt policies that facilitate the submission of proposals by Constituencies > and GA participants and that help the NC itself evaluate such proposals once > they are submitted. It should provide reports to Constituencies and evaluate > feedback on those reports that is received from Constituencies. The NC > should, without the benefit of ICANN Board mandates, create timelines for > various consensus-building activities and it should develop guidelines to > be used by working groups and committees in their activities.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01494.html 

     The DNSO has not fulfilled its policy-development responsibilities to any meaningful extent, and has played little role in domain name policy development. On the one hand, Working Group A was able to develop a UDRP proposal, and the Names Council did approve that proposal. But Working Group A's plan was the target of considerable criticism on process and substantive grounds; the Names Council's approval was without extensive discussion and amounted to a rubber stamp. The ICANN Board reacted by setting aside the proposal in favor of a different one drafted by a registrars' group, with the caveat that the new plan would be modified further by Louis Touton in consultation with persons chosen by ICANN staff. The final plan owed little to the proposal that emerged from the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     A straight forward description of why the DNSO is ineffective would be the natural starting point. I know this was attempted earlier but with no clear end result. If nothing else it seems like most of us would agree with the shortcomings of the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00488.html 

     My sense is that there is a strong belief that the DNSO is a very sick puppy and needs some serious care. Personally I'd like to take a vote on that question. However the pro-"consensus" faction obviously won't mind if I simply declare that there is overwhelming consensus on this point.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00727.html 

     Problem Scope: Asked "is the DNSO in need of reform", 36 out of 37 respondents agreed. It seems clear that among those responding, the overwhelming sense is that serious work is needed on the entire DNSO structure. In wide-ranging discussions certain themes emerged, and the question of "consensus" - what it means, what it is, and how it works - was one of those themes.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01831.html 

     Finally, it seems that Constituency members of the NC may have greater or > lesser leeway to act from their respective Constituencies. If a > Constituency NC member feels that they have little leeway to participate in > an NC consensus-development effort, however, then that NC member will tend > to shy away from substance until they have had an opportunity to fully > consult with their constituency. This further consultation with the > Constituency could take days, weeks, or even months. In this sense, many > DNSO Constituencies seem comfortable permitting their NC representatives act > freely on matters of procedure but reluctant to permit them to do so on > matters of substance. Constituencies should better organize themselves so > that their NC members come to NC meetings with a greater sense of confidence > that the member knows what their Constituency wants. Such NC members can > therefore act with fewer further consultations. This may require > Constituencies to conduct consensus-development activities of their own, > such as internal Constituency workshops. >  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01494.html 

     Suggesting that those who think the DNSO structure is wrong are a similar group is not credible as so far it seems the only people who have defended the current structure are members of the Names Council. Perhaps they are the flat earthers  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00204.html 

     Over the past eighteen months, advocates of an individual domain name owners' constituency have sought to press their case to the Names Council and to the ICANN board. They have failed so far, notwithstanding that the General Assembly has twice endorsed the formation of a working group to examine the constituency. There are two reasons behind this failure. First, absent enthusiasm for the proposal from major industry players, the Board and the Names Council have felt no special urgency to move forward. Indeed, it runs counter to the interests of current Names Council members to dilute their influence by agreeing to the formation of additional constituencies. Second, individual domain name holders, each of whom has only diffuse interests in Internet governance, have little incentive to join or organize a constituency-in-formation, and therefore group proponents have not succeeded in organizing individual domain name holders into any broad-based and representative group onto which the mantle of "constituency" could fall. Absent effective representation for individuals, though, together with other measures to reduce the current Names Council skew in favor of organized commercial interests, it is hard to argue that the DNSO policy making process represents the domain name community in any meaningful way.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     As I understand one of the foundations of the whole review process, "are the stakeholders represented?", per the white paper. I have to answer no in that they cannot be unless there is a broader language communication base by which to engage input. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01719.html 

     First, to the extent that it is reasonable there should be greater commonality in constituency structures and procedures. For example, the DNSO web site should have a central page where one can go to find out about joining a constituency. Constituencies should have a public presence where queries can be made concerning membership standards and so on. Internally, there should be common standards about what it means for a statement to be a "position of a constituency" as opposed to a statement made by some members of a constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01487.html 

     One thing that concerns me greatly with the DNSO and the current constituencies is the actual numbers of participants. I think it is very dangerous to have small numbers of people making and recommending decisions that will affect numbers far greater than their own sum of members. We should do everything possible to encourage wider participation. Even if it means more work.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01392.html 

     There is no real effort on ICANN's part or the NC's part to get any input from the public. There is simply a process put into place to make it "appear" as if they sought public opinion. It is a scam. Straght-forward and simple. This process is designed to scam and delude people into thinking that ICANN considers what the public wants when reaching their decisions. As for my own efforts, I refuse to further the deceit by my participation in it. Here we have examples of politics at it's very worst. ICANN is not a legitimate nonprofit entity. They have participated in scamming the public and the US Government into thinking they want to achieve any fairness for the Individual Domain Name Holder or Individual User of the Internet. They have represented Big Business, period.  Having an Individual's Constituency is not to their advantage, nor is having the opinion of individuals be the foremost consideration when ICANN's BoD makes decisions.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01289.html 

     Problem Scope: Asked "is the DNSO in need of reform", 36 out of 37 respondents agreed. It seems clear that among those responding, the overwhelming sense is that serious work is needed on the entire DNSO structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01513.html 

     And today ICANN is playing only those melodies written by trademark and registry/registrar businesses.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02286.html

     Finally, when it came to the addition of new generic top-level domains, the Names Council produced a statement of stunning generality. ICANN staff were hardly constrained in crafting their own proposal to the board; they responded by preparing a discussion document that requested public comment on 74 policy and technical questions that would have to be answered in connection with the rollout of new TLDs. Those questions, in turn, were just a subset of those that staff might have chosen to ask. Almost none of the key policy issues raised by the deployment of new top-level domains were addressed by the Names Council; they were left to be decided, either explicitly or sub silentio, by the ICANN staff and board. Indeed, the key policy decisions relating to adding new gTLDs, as well as a proposed country code top-level domain for the European Union, are currently being handled by ICANN staff, under the supervision of the board, with no DNSO participation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     My own sense is that the DNSO has gone bust and that it will continue to be bypassed as a policy making body until it is reformed. The sense that the DNSO has lost credibility is manifest in the way it has been left out of nearly all of the major DNS policy decisions of the last 18 months.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00049.html 

     Assuming that it is useful for the DNSO to search for consensus, finally, the Names Council is not well-suited to the task of recognizing the degree of consensus surrounding any given issue. The problems here stem from the DNSO's structural flaws, which I will discuss below.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     Today there are obviously serious objections to the bylaws defined constituencies, hence no consensus. Therefore an alternative must be found permitting a consensus. Maintaining the constituency system in its present form is an obvious abuse of the worst "democratic tyranny" since the tyranny of a clever minority.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00182.html 

     As part of this, I think that measures should be taken to reduce what I called in another paper the "balkanization" of the constituencies. Any progress towards achieving consensus is going to require that constituencies understand each others point of view, and to that end there should be structures in the DNSO that require cross-constituency cooperation. I have suggested that there be a formal "observer" system, where constituencies have "observers" from other constituencies; some of the secretariat functions could be shared; the GA physical meetings could be used as commons for the constituencies, and so on.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01487.html 

     What's needed is a new process that finally does include all stakeholders and whose results, like a UDRP, will be fairly regulated. However, it is my opinion that this cannot be done through ICANN, which is tainted beyond redemption, even at its creation. No non-profit California corporation, being used as a cover for DoC and big business manipulations, can be turned into a fair and representative international forum. What's needed is a real process, to replace the phoney one that's been thrust upon us.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01012.html 

     *Should the NC take a more active role in managing the consensus-development process, for example by giving working groups more defined charters and more frequently reviewing the state of their work?* I doubt that it would be help the process for the Names Council to seek to micro-manage the working groups. If the Names Council cannot make effective policy decisions itself, it is unlikely to provide useful guidance to the working groups. To the extent that the Names Council's perspective on an issue is sharply different from that of a working group, it is at least as likely (see below) that the problem derives from the Names Council being out of touch with the domain-name community as it is that the working group is nonrepresentatve.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     Ah. Now, that sounds slightly familiar. The UDRP. The UnDemocratic Rich People. Yes, indeed. We have already heard (from my own experience, and, the experience of others, how (un)fair the UDRP is. That's what is mean by corporate law. Let the corporations control the law, the governments, etc...  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01379.html

     The WG-Review has noted that several groups of stakeholders had not the constituency the importance of their issues deserves. This mainly includes the individual domain name holders and the new specialized TLD applicants. To present concrete propositions towards a quick aggregation of these two constituencies, the WG- Reviews wants two specialized sub-Working Groups to be formed by people seconding this motion, one for IDNH and one for STLDs.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00120.html 

     Only 2 respondents think that the members are "generally" adequately represented, while 12 think that they are "sometimes or rarely" adequately represented. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00172.html 

     The Names Council is often perceived as a structural impediment to compromise and bottom-up policy making because if one has enough votes on the NC there is no incentive to compromise, or even to participate in working groups. This has been a noticable factor in earlier WGs. I agree that there are structural problems with WGs as well. However, I don't perceive off-topic posts to be a problem as serious as the others. People just ignore them. Participants learn who is worth paying attention to and who isn't. The more fundamental problem is that the NC has largely delegitimized the status of DNSO working groups, particularly in the wake of its reaction to WG-C on new TLDs. The NC has proven that it is afraid to allow WGs to start on the initiative of DNSO members, that is is afraid to let them come to any conclusions that might not be in accord with what the controlling majority on the NC has already decided it wants, and that it would prefer to set up highly controlled "task forces," informal if not secret committees (such as the WHOIS committee) and pre-defined agendas.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00614.html 

     I believe that we have near-consensus on answers to the following questions:   Does the current constituency structure impact the effectiveness of the DNSO and NC? yes, negatively (14 agree, 1 disagree, 2 don't know) http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00174.html 

     We believe that the DNSO in general and the NC in particular have performed > below their potential for the evaluation period. When these organizations > were originally planned, it was widely assumed that the NC would be the > principal focus within the Internet community and within ICANN of both > expertise and of consensus-building in the area of Internet domain names; > just as the Address Supporting Organization (ASO) and the Protocol > Supporting Organization (PSO) are focal points within their respective areas > of competence. Instead, the NC appears to have been more focused on > procedures, administrative practices, and matters that are more related to > its own process than to substantive matters. To the extent that the NC has > not fully performed its substantive responsibility to develop consensus in > the area of domain names, other ICANN organs and other bodies have been > required to step in.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01494.html 

     This whole UDRP unfairness is because ICANN and the Registry hasn't thought about anyone but themselves. They've left the netizens out of the decision making process. Netizens like me and netizens like you. Now hopefully we can get back in the process, have our concerns heard and something done about them.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00873.html 

     Additionally, when asked "Does the current constituency structure impact the effectiveness of the DNSO and NC?" 26 respondents felt it impacted the effectiveness negatively, while only 2 believed it effected it positively.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01537.html 

     Another obvious corollary is that, in the rough and tumble of the real world, entities that have no effective veto on an issue can, and often will be, ignored. This later situation obtains, of course, for the general user community, the community of "individuals". They have very few effective vetos on any issue. And, of course, what to do about that situation (if anything) is one of the themes of this WG.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00664.html 

     Looks like way too much happens too fast, or behind closed doors. This includes, but is not limited to, trying to get rid of or make the "at large membership" (read, small and/or non-commercial 'netizens'.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00053.html 

     I found this mailing list, and, the opportunity to participate, completely by accident. I don't even remember how I found it. I suggest that many millions of people who are clients of ISP's, across the world, would like to know what is happening in this area, and, want to be ale to particpate, by being allowed to have their say, and, therefore, input, into the procedures involved, but, who do not know anything about this. Thus, the Internet, and, the agencies controlling it, such as ICANN, appear to most people, to be dark and mysterious bodies, which operate in ways, and, with policies, known only to the selct few, with the common people having no input.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00792.html 

     We've all been witness to various capture algorithms, wrt ICANN/DNSO. IMHO, this is the main reason we are having this WG now. The ICANN/DNSO gets captured by a faction and all the disenfranchised factions stop wanting to play. In business and engineering, one starts off with some sort of problem description, followed a clear path to a requirements definition. Only then, does one consider implementation details. We have all seen a few years worth of wasted effort because we HAVEN'T followed that process.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00472.html 

     There has never been any consensus and there never will be so long as the user base of the Internet is not polled, something that ICANN is the last entity in the world to want to do, as has been proven by its exclusion of any real end-users from the DNSO, because such a poll would turn in results diametrically opposed to those of the board.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00198.html 

     I suggest we start with threshold questions. For example: Is the DNSO constituency structure representative of Internet stakeholder interests? My answer is no. There are stakeholders who are not yet included; namely, individual domain name registrants. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00166.html 

     I agree that the constituency structure is "a fundamental reason for the DNSO's problems," a "failure" that "should be abandoned." As he points out, the constituency structure has generated underrepresentation, because many interested parties cannot find a home in any of the approved constituencies; overrepresentation, because other parties can participate in multiple constituencies; and misrepresentation, because the selection of constituency representatives obscures significant differences of opinion within the constituencies. Certainly, the list of constituencies ICANN selected seems skewed. There is a considerable overlap, after all, between commercial entities and trademark interests; on the other hand, individual domain name holders and ordinary Internet end-users, whom one would think have an interest in domain name policy development, are not represented on the Names Council at all. The more basic problem, though, lies not in the choice of particular constituencies, but in the incoherence of the underlying structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00055.html 

     Clearly ICANN is operating in a monopolistic anti-trust type of environment. Clearly that is why it is important for it to move in the direction of a more bottom up, consensus oriented approach which includes those netizens who would be the victim if they are not adequately represented in ICANN.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01015.html 

     One of the central problems with the consensus building process -- and we discussed this issue in WG-D with no resolution -- is the fact that there is no mechanism that encourages any party to compromise. What we've seen in the DNSO to date are various interest groups putting forth party-line positions to the WGs, the NC, and the Board. There has been virtually no attempt to forge consensus or seek compromise among the participants themselves. While the NC and Board are supposed to "recognize" consensus among the participants, they have too often been left to act as judge of how best to balance competing interests. When the Board or NC judges the merits of competing proposals, it only compounds the problem. The participants quickly learn that they need not speak directly to those who oppose them -- only to those who will judge them. Position papers have become the end-product, not the starting points for a dialogue about how to reach compromise. In the current structure, there is really no one to *broker* a compromise. "Peacemaking" is time-intensive work. Who is going to run shuttle diplomacy among the various constituencies and interested parties, honing draft policies until they really reflect a consensus? Is that the WG Chair's responsibility? The NCs? Is it unrealistic to expect volunteer participants to shoulder this task? It's also not clear that there is any incentive for some to compromise, even if we solved the problems noted above. In other industry self-regulatory schemes, there is the threat of unilateral action by the government regulator if the community does not take some action. The resulting uncertainty about what the regulator may do prompts the community to come together to present a consensus position. In our case, however, ICANN cannot act absent community consensus. This removes the threat of unilateral regulatory intervention in its entirety. Those who benefit from maintaining the status quo have absolutely no incentive to compromise, ever.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00116.html 

     New constituencies develop in reaction to policies, like clouds develop from evaporation and condensation. Today, in the DNSO, they exist mostly as ready-made power blocs and this has led to underrepresentation of real interests, those that happened not to have formed into solid organizations yet. ICANN policies of the future will lead to new common interests and such interests cannot be expected to instantly transform themselves into well organized and well financed organizations. What is already well organized and -financed today are Industry-financed organizations, such as DN Registrars, ISOC and the IP Lobby. What is starting to get organized are money-making TLD registries, such as the ccTLD's. But the Individual registrants who are at the other side of the registration-contracts have the greatest trouble to organize themselves. What can they expect to get in return for their trouble? They will need the DNSO's sympathetic assistance to get on their feet, even more so than the non-commercial orgs.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00137.html 

     On the other hand, there is a near-consensus (all or all but one) on the following statements (rephrased from the questions): The current constituency structure impacts the effectiveness of the DNSO and NC negatively. The current process rarely or never promotes the development of overall community consensus. All DNSO interests are not adequately represented in the existing constituency groups. An individuals' constituency should be created (though nothing resembling consensus on how). The constituencies should be reformulated (again, nothing resembling consensus on how). Also of interest, no one has been willing to say that the constituencies adequately represent their intended members. Nor has anyone been willing to say that all important parts of the Internet community are represented.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00147.html 

     Relationships is one word you can use to describe the Registrars interests. I can think of other words to use but will try to stay nice. Those "Realationships" have not shown any concern for individual domain holder's rights and have only served to trample them up til now.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00160.html 

     The disproportionate representation schema currently in effect is problematic if proposals for a wide base consensus are truly the goal of this WG, the DNSO, and ICANN itself, and this issue must be addressed. As it is strictly a POLITICAL matter, technical input is important but not primary in this case. For good, or ill, the advent of the Internet introduced a whole slew of threats to established interests (corporate and otherwise). The primary challenge for any consensus building proposition would be to find ways to reconcile the various stakeholders -big and small- to the idea of a NEW political horizon. This NEW political horizon must pay heed to the concerns of large corporations and governments, YET it must also acknowledge & support the rights of newer players who provide direction and inspiration (not to mention the "end-user" moneys which keep it all going!). One of the primary issues which is not likely to vanish anytime soon, is the Intellectual Property (in some cases Piracy) disputes currently consuming resources and energies which could be put to better use. One has to wonder whatever happened to Jon Postel's advice in the June '96 Internet Draft "New Registries and the Delegation of International Top Level Domains"," wherein Postel explicitly stated that "Domain names are intended to be an addressing mechanism and are not intended to reflect trademarks, copyrights or any other intellectual property rights." The current situation is out of control with Big Business interests running amok and doing pretty much as they please. One can't blame them for this, but one can criticize the lack of response to their oftentimes unmitigated assaults on the rights of others. ANY governing body based on a CONSTITUTION of some kind is obligated to ensure the rights and freedoms of all its members, not just the DNSO council seats, or the ICANN Board.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00250.html 

     Trying to think outside the box, one could imagine wanting a structure where: - The process of getting sensible proposals before the governing body allows open participation, and allows the creation of expert groups to form those recommendations based on qualifications, NOT representativity - An action could be adopted only with a significant consensus of interests - Any action could be blocked by a significant grouping of interests, but NOT by representatives of a single interest acting alone I believe using representativity in the FORMATION of options is a mistake; people who participate in a discussion need to be allowed to operate to the best of their own personal ability to reach "results that make sense". Representativity is important in the ADOPTION of courses of action.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00565.html 

     Moreover the constituency-based > structure of the NC ensures some degree of internal tension, which itself > ensures that every proposal from any one constituency is examined with > skepticism by at least one other constituency. Nonetheless, the extent of > the NC's focus on process and the scarcity of it's substantive contributions > to DNS-related consensus-development can not, we believe, be explained > entirely by either its novelty or its somewhat adversarial design. We > believe that there are some institutional causes of the NC's > underperformance, which should be correctable.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01494.html 

     Where does everyone think the Registrars GET the money they contribute? Simple math. Just that one member has contributed significantly more than 10-25 dollars to the process and continues to do so through renewals even with Registrars being allowed to pull every dirty trick in the business. Hoarding Expired Domain Names to sell them for more than mere Registration, using fronts to register names then adding an additional charge to move the name to another registrar which is still owned by the same registrar, and signing deals with companies like SnapNames to give them first shot at expired names before the general public in return for a share of the profits SnapNames makes on the expired names. If anyone should pay more of the associated fees, look to the Registrars to provide it especially when they are allowed to be as unethical as they want to be with no reprimands forthcoming from ICANN. They ignore the problem as a way to endorse it..  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00402.html 

     III. Issues Identified / B. Constituencies. Regarding representation constituencies and whether constituencies adequately represent all stakeholders. Constituencies are required to operate in and open, fair and transparent manner. ICANN and the DNSO functions on principles of bottom-up organization and seeking consensus. However, as few of the constituencies publish membership lists or have public mailing lists, it is impossible to judge whether they are representative or not. In cases where member lists are available it is clear that some constituencies fail to adequately represent stakeholders in all regions, some fail to represent certain classes of stakeholder (particularly smaller entities.) Some seem to have representative structures that favor large organizations or associations (while large international associations should of course be represented in constituencies, they are not organized on bottom up policy making principles and should not be permitted to dominate any constituency.) It is ironic that the only constituency that does operate in a fully transparent manner suffers from server issues management problems (hopefully not an indication of what is being hidden from view by other constituencies.) Example of steps that might be recommended in this section: Solutions: The Names Council should require all constituencies to conduct ongoing outreach (membership should been seen to be growing --where appropriate, some constituencies are naturally limited.) Constituencies should be required to make continuous efforts to improving geographic diversity. The Names Council should monitor charters to ensure they are inclusive of all stakeholders and that all voices can be heard in constituency processes. All mailing lists on which significant work of the constituency is conducted should be publicly archived. A program of self reporting on the status of the constituency, perhaps scheduled around ICANN's physical meetings, would be an appropriate means of informing the Names Council and other constituencies on such issues. Basic constituency requirements: -Charter creating an organizational structure that is inclusive of all stakeholders; -Published membership records, including information about representation by geographic region (members with full voting rights from all 5 regions should be mandatory for all constituencies); -Clearly identified issues management processes that ensure all stakeholders have a realistic opportunity to contribute equally and effectively; -Public archives should be provided of all mailing lists on which significant work of the constituency is undertaken.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02717.html

     Excerpt from the DNSO Review Task Force Report v2:  QUESTION: What/where is the warrant from WG which supports the last clause in this statement: "If the constituency is added, a procedure is needed to ensure that it occurs in a transparent manner, is representative of its charter, and that the role of the General Assembly, Non-Commercial Constituency, and the At Large members is looked at in relation to the individual constituency. "  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02191.html 

Tallied Responses

33 Responses Reported
Count
Percent
Graph
1. Is a constituency structure a functional method for subgrouping in the DNSO?
yes
15
45.45%

no
11
33.33%

don't know
7
21.21%

No Response
0
0.00%

2. Does the current constituency structure impact the effectiveness of the DNSO and NC?
yes, positively
3
9.09%

yes, negatively
26
78.79%

no
0
0.00%

don't know
2
6.06%

other
2
6.06%

No Response
0
0.00%

3. Are the constituencies fulfilling their role as open and transparent channels of dialogue and discu
yes
0
0.00%

generally
1
3.03%

sometimes
8
24.24%

rarely
9
27.27%

no
14
42.42%

No Response
1
3.03%

4. Do the constituencies allow effective development of collective positions of those with similar int
yes
3
9.09%

generally
3
9.09%

sometimes
9
27.27%

rarely
11
33.33%

no
7
21.21%

No Response
0
0.00%

5. Does the current process promote the development of overall community consensus?
yes
0
0.00%

generally
1
3.03%

sometimes
3
9.09%

rarely
9
27.27%

no
20
60.61%

No Response
0
0.00%

6. Are all DNSO interests adequately represented in the existing constituency groups?
yes
2
6.06%

no
22
66.67%

should be represented
9
27.27%

No Response
0
0.00%

7. Do the current divisions aggregate individuals or entities with closely aligned interest and permit
yes
1
3.03%

generally
3
9.09%

sometimes
18
54.55%

rarely
6
18.18%

no
5
15.15%

No Response
0
0.00%

8. Are the constituencies adequately representing the intended members?
yes
0
0.00%

generally
4
12.12%

sometimes
10
30.30%

rarely
10
30.30%

no
8
24.24%

No Response
1
3.03%

9. Are there important parts of the Internet Community that may need better representation?
no
0
0.00%

maybe
6
18.18%

these need better
25
75.76%

No Response
2
6.06%

10. Should there be a constituency for individuals?
yes
30
90.91%

no
2
6.06%

No Response
1
3.03%

11. How should the membership of a constituency of individuals be constituted?
ICANN board should create a structure
3
9.09%

NC should create a structure
2
6.06%

GA should create a structure
4
12.12%

Should self-organize
18
54.55%

other
5
15.15%

No Response
1
3.03%

12. Should the constituencies be reformulated?
no
5
15.15%

yes - by combining provider constituencies
1
3.03%

yes - by combining user constituencies
4
12.12%

yes - by both
6
18.18%

yes - by other
12
36.36%

No Response
5
15.15%


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UNREPRESENTED

     But wait - are there any other groups that someone thinks aren't represented? The Chartered TLDs, GOV/small governments, EDU/schools, endusers, small businesses, and churches have all been mentioned so far in the poll. To me, this would indicate that simply creating a constituency for individuals might solve the loudest and largest problem, but without a structural change the problem will likely re-occur. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00172.html 

     One thing the TF should pay close attention to during the course of this WG are the sentiments expressed by members of the largest, as yet unrepresented, constituency: IDNH. "Vox populi, vox dei"  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00437.html 

     IMO opinion gentlemen of the NC, it is not IDNOs, @Large Members, or GA members that are posting off topic and disrupting these proceedings, it is you. Whether or not anyone on this list understands every technicality you hold so dear is of no consequence. Whether the rights of Individual Domain Holders and Users of the Internet is represented is the issue whether you choose to recognize that or not. I apologize to those who represent ccTLDs and sTLDs if it sounds like I am not recognizing your concerns as legitimate. Far from that I support your efforts 100% and know you can speak for yourselves. My interest lies in fairness to individuals which is long overdue.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00562.html 

     I have to question a process when it obviously isn't working well for many people. Everytime someone decides to examine that you rush to defend a system that the rest of us do not appreciate as well as you do. You act as if we were not there then we have no right to question it. We do have that right and will continue to question it until we have better representation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00841.html 

     With all respect I have some problems with the logic you employ here. First of all are you aware of the current structure of the DNSO. There are seven classes of people who have special privileges (a constituency) and they are those representing Registries, Registrars, ISPs, Businesses, IP Lawyers, country code Registries and non cpmmerical organisations. Currently if you do not qualify as a representative of any of the above businesses or organisations you get no representation. One suggestion has been that individuals should be allowed to be represented and that one particular group of individuals are those who hold domain names as that makes them directly affected by domain name policy. This is not taking anything away from individual who do not hold domain names but at least allows some individuals representation. I believe individuals who are not domain name holders should also be represented and that this is probably best through the General Assembly by giving the GA the pwoer to also appoint members of the Names Council. 
http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00817.html 

     There are a large number of organizations operating as third level registries. Where hostnames are distributed either for free or on a commercial basis on SLD's. There are also some domains used that have a large DNS zone associated with them for both commercial and non-commercial uses. Some of the third level registries have more hostnames in their zones than a large number of ccTLD's. Although it is possible for the SLD owners to join either one of the existing constituencies or possibly an IDNH/O if one is formed, the only option for users of their hostnames is currently the AtLarge system.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01392.html 

UNDERREPRESENTED

     I agree that the constituency structure is "a fundamental reason for the DNSO's problems," a "failure" that "should be abandoned." As he points out, the constituency structure has generated underrepresentation, because many interested parties cannot find a home in any of the approved constituencies; overrepresentation, because other parties can participate in multiple constituencies; and misrepresentation, because the selection of constituency representatives obscures significant differences of opinion within the constituencies.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     Are all DNSO interests adequately represented in the existing constituency groups? no (0 yes, 12 no, 5 suggesting other interests)   Are there important parts of the Internet Community that may need better representation? yes (12 with suggestions, 3 maybe, 0 no, 2 no answer)   http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00174.html 

     For my part, I see the problem with the current structure of the DNSO as a matter of representation of all of the relevant stakeholders.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00183.html 

     It is the overwhelming consensus of the opinions stated herein that the power structure must be changed from the current status quo to the representation as required in the white papers, to the true stakeholders  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01497.html 

     If we were to begin to list the problem areas with the DNSO structure, what would that list look like? Should we see if we can agree on some particulars? Bill of Particulars: 1. Unrepresented constituents 2. Unrepresentative constituencies  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00414.html 

     It's a good idea to gather these in one place. I'll add my point to the list below: > 1. Unrepresented constituents > 2. Unrepresentative constituencies 3. Process does not encourage compromise among parties with competing positions.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00416.html 

     If the Names Council is to take any action at all, therefore, it must be on the theory that its members represents the domain-name community. Yet there is no reason to think that the NC's current structure, which drastically under-represents ordinary user interests, meaningfully reflects the relevant communities.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     In relation to the motion to which I understand that the above applies; I believe that the motion included two parts - the first indicating that the "at large" thing" is a waste of time, and, the second proposing a new constituency for individual domain name owners/holders. I had proposed the motion, due to its content, also include a proposal to institute a constituency for individuals (who are not eligible to be in any other constituency), to ensure that all users of the Internet, can have a say, via the constituencies, if the constituencies are to exist, and, providing that the users of the Internet are made aware of the constituencies, and, their right to particpate.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01508.html 

     It would be productive if ICANN were to make public statements supporting the objective of a broader stakeholder representation. This would help integrity and outreach  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02124.html 

MISREPRESENTED

     Here is a very narrow slice of what could become a broad bill of particulars: a brief list of problems we face in the non-commercial constituency: 1. Too much heterogeneity of organizations. We include everything from major universities to peace and environmental and civil liberties groups, to non-profit associations of TLD operations, ISOC chapters, professional societies, SDNP programs of the United Nations, etc. Try coming up with policy positions that adequately serve all those interests and viewpoints. The whole concept of a noncommercial constituency was an afterthought, an incoherent category. 2. Unfair expectations relative to other constituencies. Registrars and registries take in, collectively, a couple of billion dollars a year in domain-name related revenue. ISPs, millions. IP and B&C are composed of professional lobbying organizations with warchests in the hundreds of thousands if not millions. And yet, the non-commercials, this heterogeneous group noted above, all of which makes NO revenue from domain names, is told, "you must pay the same amount of money as other constituencies to support the DNSO, and if you don't we'll unseat you."  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00481.html 

     On this list, I have criticized "the structure of" two constituencies: the registry constituency (do you wish to defend that structure?) and my own non-commercial constituency, which I said was "too heterogeneous" and based an "incoherent category."  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00504.html 

     c) Is the current Constituency Structure Balanced or Imbalanced? Despite its bewildering situation caused by WG timeframe controversy and some members' lost belief in Review WG's impact on future policy implementation process, Review WG members have strive to solve the issues DNSO confronts. Many point out that the current constituency structure is imbalanced. This concern is well noted in Milton Mueller's note # 2 [Appendix 5]. To heal this imbalance, WG members suggested several constituency models such as IDNH/O or Small Business Constituency, or TM owners Constituency etc.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01332.html 

UNREPRESENTATIONAL WEIGHTING 

     1. In the DNSO/BC I have one vote as a one employee business. Disney three. AT&T three. I am therefore worth a lot of AT&T employees. 2. you say Jopp's proposed IDNO would represent million of people. It means that an IDNOC member woud reprensent 100.000 individual domain name holders. Seems fair when comparing with the one NCC member with 80.000. 3. you support a second Constituency by the ISOC. We are probably 5000 ISOC Members. It would mean that 1 IDNO represent 1/22.000.000 of a constituency, 1 NCC remote individual 1/12.800.000 of a constituency, and one ISOC Member 1/5000 of a constituency  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00091.html     

     Should the constituencies be reformulated? yes (3 no, 12 yes (differing answers as to how), 2 no answer)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00174.html
 
     Certainly, the list of constituencies ICANN selected seems skewed. There is a considerable overlap, after all, between commercial entities and trademark interests; on the other hand, individual domain name holders and ordinary Internet end-users, whom one would think have an interest in domain name policy development, are not represented on the Names Council at all. The more basic problem, though, lies not in the choice of particular constituencies, but in the incoherence of the underlying structure. Even if nobody were excluded, there would be no reason to think that we could reflect the views of the domain name community by identifying a set of activities necessary to, or enabled by, the domain name system or the Internet in general, collecting industry actors performing each of the activities on the list, and then giving equal votes to each group.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     Communicate to the NC the terrible imbalance built in to the constituency structure, with business lobbying groups given 4 of the 7 constituencies, and non-commercial, educational, civil rights and other interests stuffed together into a single constituency.  Recommends allowing virtually any group of like-minded people to form a working group that produces policy recommendations, but finding a way to have the GA or some other appropriate forum filter the WG recommendations before they are passed up to the NC.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html

     In order to handle those whom do NOT fall into the above? Rather, that is my presumption. The KISS method would merge all of those into B&C, that being the super-class. Otherwise, specific factions of the B&C gather unwarranted NC reps.  Budget contributions appear arbitrary anyway. Who portioned the pie that way and why?  I have also held, and still hold, that gTLDs need to be held at the same level as ccTLDs. In short, that there should not be a difference in the degree of respect with which they are treated. It is simply that non-ccTLD operators are treated so abysmally and ccTLD operators want no part of such treatement (I don't blame them).  I have always argued that there are no gTLDs, that all TLDs are chartered, with some having more open charters than others (lack of enforcement). That view adequately eliminates gTLD as a separate constituency. IMHO, this is much needed. Yes, I think TLD operators may deserve special representation, but not three constituencies.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00566.html 

     But there is no algorithm by which the representational weight of the different stakeholders can be compared http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00190.html 

     Should there be an eighth constituency for Individual DN holders, or should some of the overlapping and duplicated interests be collapsed into single constituencies? If the IP constituency stays as is, would its relative influence in the NC increase too much? Should they be entitled to only one NC rep?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00093.html 

     The idea that only a few people be represented and be given more weight than other groups is not only ridiculous but smells of the type of organization that Joeseph Stalin would have approved of.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00805.html 

     It is not at all difficult to demonstrate that the ISP constituency is an interest grouping of *some* ISP's and that the Business Constituency is an interest grouping of Businesses heavily weighed in favour of a few early players. Neither have the numbers that help them to credibly represent the interests that they purport to represent. At best they provide a *framework* for a fairly weighed representation of such specific interests in the future. With the NCDNHC it is problematic that IP-players have played such a prominent role in its bootstrap phase and that an active registrar-player can dominate the proceedings by representing a non-profit boating-club, but speak and act as a Registrar apologist. With the CA/IDNO it is no different. As long as it remains small, it is vulnerable to capture or sabotage by people who put on an Individual DN holder's hat, but who act on behalf of opposing or hostile interests.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00498.html 

     I certainly agree that the DNSO is fairly dysfunctional and I strongly support reforms which at a minimum involve adding on an IDNH constituency, giving the GA a more meaningful role and also a look at the weighting of votes to each constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00521.html 

     Not that I am proposing they be abolished but just pointing out they are not the only way to have representatives. One could quite seriously set up parties or competing organisations which would put up candidates for election as our representatives.  Here in the DNSO we have seven constituencies based on groupings of interest which clearly do not cover all those interested and affected. Also all constituencies have an equal vote when their relevance to the DNSO may not be equal and the number of people they represent may especially not be equal.  Oh I agree one should have representatives and for that reason also at this point in time would not support abandoning formal constituencies as they are useful. But we really do need to make sure that other constituencies can be added on, defunct ones can be removed and most of all a method of allocating voting strength.  I don't think the answer is simply to add on one or two more constituencies and give them three NC reps each and say that's all folks. We do need to also look at the overall balance of power based on arguably similar membership of some constituencies.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00548.html 

     The problem is deeper, much deeper, than the simple fact that there is no individual's constituency. The real problem is that the existing constituency structure has been deliberately gerrymandered to augment the power of some groups and diminish or eliminate the influence of other groups. Under the current structure, all you need are ten solid votes on the Names Council. If you have that, it doesn't matter at all what other constituencies think, nor what the "consensus of the Internet community" is. You can just block anything you like, or ram through anything you like. It is a travesty to call the current DNSO a "consensus management" process. I think earlier comments were saying something similar. It is a political process in which control of votes counts, nothing else. I will go a bit further and indicate who controls the votes. There is a longstanding axis composed of the IP, B&C, Registrar and Registry constituencies. The ISP constituency is also basically part of it. These groups have worked out a "consensus" among themselves as to what will and will not happen. The current constituency structure makes this possible. It basically gives the businesses who believe in subordinating DNS to trademark protection 4 constituencies, and those who oppose them one or no constituencies. Consider the following case: AIM, an organization of major European brand holders, is a member of the Business and commercial constituency. That organization's representative, Phil Shepard, is on the Names Council. Now obviously, as an organization devoted to brand holders, AIM is concerned primarily if not exclusively with trademark protection. Likewise, AT&T, a major lobbying force, is an ISP, a member of B&C, and holder of hundreds of trademarks. So these groups, who do not represent more people or even more investment stake in the Internet than, say, the non-commercial constituency, can play around in three or four constituencies, whereas other points of view are confined to one. Just do the political arithmetic.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00175.html 

     If political parties were established like ICANN constitutencies, they would be pre-formed and given a pre-established number of votes no matter whether they had two members or two million. Sure, define all the parties or constituencies you want, but don't give them a pre-counted number of votes, as ICANN does, and let people who don't believe they fit form their own parties/constituencies. And let old ones die.  There is nothing wrong with a group of people getting together and saying "we have a platform" and trying to sway others to jump onto the bandwagon. The difference is that constituencies pre-manufacture a limited set of bandwagons, hand them out on some basis that is necessarily unfair to those who don't get one, a forces people to pick one rather than build their own.  You can start identifying today and you'll never reach the end of the enumeration. The constituency structure creates pigeonholes and forces people into those holes as the price of participation. We don't need such a Procrustean mechanism if we simply give each person one vote and let them cast it as they chose. As you suggest, many people will follow leaders. That's fine - as long as the followers get to pick their leaders rather than have them forced upon them by some pre-ordained constituency structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00139.html  

     I agree that there is a need for constituencies for both political and administrative reasons but apart from debating which groups should have a constituency we should also (IMO) debate are all constituencies equal?? Why should all constituencies get three seats on Names Council?? This is very arbitrary and one can argue that some constituencies are far more important than others. There is a strong case IMO that the ccTLDS should have far more voting strength than 1/7th of the DNSO which is in turn 1/6th of the Board so is 1/42nd all up - especially as they are asked to fund 35% of the budget. Now one way around this is having the ccTLDS become a SO, but one can also look at whether representation on the Names Council should be 3 votes per constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00150.html 

     This is IMO an important point. A constituency such as the non-commercial one could wither away to only five small organisations as members yet they still have the same votes as say the IP Constituency which has 8,672 lawyers as members. Perhaps we should have two "chambers" - one which is equal votes per constituency (senate model) like the Names Council) and one which is votes are proportional to membership/support (house model). One could argue the GA is the equivalent of the House but this then means that in this analogy you have a House with no powers at all and a Names Council with all the powers.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00152.html 

     I have expressed my agreement about the need for fluidity in the constituency structure of the DNSO. To achieve this, the Board needs to agree on a quick procedure to approve new DNSO constituencies and to rebalance the NC voting power each time when a new constituency would be recognized as a real stakeholder constituency. On the other hand, I do not see it as realistic that existing power blocks dismantle themselves to accommodate this wish , especially not the united lobby of IP interests. What I do propose is (and where hopefully some consensus can form), is to make a start with balancing voting power on the NC. The interests of Name Holders need roughly to be balanced with those of the registration industry,(ISPs, ccTLDs, TLD registries and SLD registrars plus the IP interests)--currently 15 votes. The Business constituency (small and big Biz), the NCDNHC and the Individual DN Holders, could and should have an equal number of votes. I propose that the current representation of the ISP's, TLD registries, Registrars and IP lobby together, be reduced to 10 seats. That Three Name Holder Constituencies (possibly united into a single constituency) be also given 10 seats on the NC. The ccTLD's could be given a separate status,one that would not tip the registry-industry vs. DN holder balance in the DNSO, but give them instead a separate representation on the Board, reflecting ICANN's need for their co-operation. Is this a realistic compromise between completely abandoning the constituency structure and ending the frustration of always being outvoted due to lack of representation?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00289.html 

     The other difficult aspect with this proposal is power-sharing. I am suggesting that not all constituency groups will sit on the NC at the same time. Instead, once the NC reaches let's say 42 members (double the size currently), then the NC structure will change to a type of staggered term basis of power-sharing. I can expand upon this if it is unclear, but other suggestions are welcome. Rough Proposal B - Section I. Creation of objective criteria for the recognition and continued existence of official constituencies (including those already in existence). A constituency exists to ensure that the DNSO meet its obligation within ICANN to provide consensus-based policy advice and recommendations. Upon application and a showing of compliance with the objective criteria, a self-organized group is automatically admitted as a constituency of the DNSO by the Names Council. - Section II. If the following objective criteria is used, two additional stakeholders should be recognized immediately upon application as official constituencies of the DNSO: (1) the individual domain name holders constituency and (2) a small businesses owners constituency. (a) Objective Criteria: 1. The self-organized group must express a stated interest and/or expertise in DNSO activities. 2. The self-organized group must maintain open access by the Names Council to its membership list. 3. The self-organized group must show that it maintains a membership of a certain and definite percentage of those who the group states that it represents. 4. The self-organized group must maintain a web address or some electronic communications method to recruit members or inform members of DNSO activities. 5. The self-organized group must actively participate in DNSO activities upon granting constituency status. - Section III. There should be semi-yearly self-evaluations (subject to Names Council review) of each official constituency to ensure that the constituency continues to meet the objective criteria of representation under section II.a. - Section IV. Each constituency group shall elect three Names Council members until which time the Names Council membership reaches or exceeds 42 members. At that time, the Names Council shall establish additional rules allowing for a revolving Term limited membership on the Names Council. Each constituency shall select its three members when it is their term period to elect Names Council members.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00303.html 

     I'm not sure whether you mean by this [1] that there is no way to compute how much representation each of the relevant stakeholder communities *in fact* has on the NC, under the current system; or [2] that there is no way to compute how much representation each of the relevant stakeholder communities *ought to* have on the NC. My guess is that you don't mean [1], since that's transparently wrong. The various NC members quite explicitly act as representatives of their constituencies. It's easy to count how much representation each "stakeholder community" currently has: three members for a favored six, one for a seventh, zero for the rest. If you mean [2], I agree. The problem is that absent such an algorithm, the current system is incoherent. The current system features a Names Council whose members vote, and whose votes are tallied. It assigns seven stakeholder groups the privilege of selecting representatives, and assigns the number of representatives for each. It is defensible only if we believe that six specifically defined groups *ought* to have a particular quantum of representation, with a different amount (soon to change) for a seventh, and none at all for anyone else. The fact that there is no way to compute, top-down, how much representation each of the relevant stakeholder communities ought to have, suggests that we should take the advice to eliminate altogether the practice of assigning NC seats to "stakeholder communities."  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00333.html 

     Arguable the weighting of constituencies (currently all are equal) on Names Council is inappropriate? How can one decide what is appropriate and who decides? 5. GA feel marginalised and powerless.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00436.html 

      The problem is that there is no way to assign weights to the stakeholder groups. Therefore it doesn't make any difference whether you say "DNSO" or "NC" -- the basic problem transcends them both.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00443.html 

     Those aren't mutually exclusive statements. If those pre-existing issues aren't resolved structurally, they continue to bite people trying to participate. Consensus doesn't just happen, you know - creating consensus-based structures takes more than good will and effort, though it requires huge amounts of both. Creating a board structure where there are "x" participants lacking a say in board composition is a surefire way to create dissension. Assigning weights to groups even when you can't adequately weight the groups just pours oil on the fire.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00466.html 

     I agree that broad support among all DNSO constituencies is desirable. And he is right that the NC will ask about it. However, it should also be pointed out that the argument here is somewhat circular and that games can be played with the constituency structure. If you create a constituency structure that vastly overweights certain interests and condenses vast portions of the rest of the world into one or zero constituencies in the DNSO, of course you can make it appear as if a proposal that has 300 votes for and 3 votes against doesn't have "enough" support. This is in fact the whole problem with the current DNOS structure. So to use that structure to deligitimize expressions of dissatisfaction with the DNSO is, as I said, circular reasoning. This should be noted in our report. Whenever ICANN has open elections (such as the @large election) and open processes (such as WGs) based on one-person, one vote, the results differ incredibly from constituency-based votes. That in itself is something that the WG report ought to take note of.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00473.html 

     Point number 2 should be phrased differently. the problem is not that individual constituencies are "unrepresentative," but that the constiteuncy *structure* has been gerrymandered to increase representation of some interests and reduce or eliminate representation of others. There is an overwhelming amount of support and analysis behind that assertion. So much so, that I'm afraid to start typing it up, because I have a real job to do today and that isn't it. Let's just see how he responds to these points about the unreprsentative structure: 1. The IP constituency represents a particular SUBSET of business/commercial interests, a subset that is based entirely on a particular policy position(protect IP and forget anything else). But there is no counterpart on the other side of the policy spectrum, e.g., a civil liberties/free expression constituency. Since TM rights are BY LAW bounded by free expression rights and do not in any country's legal system constitute an absolute right, such a structure is inherently biased in a particular policy direction. 2. ISPs, Registrars, and registries are all businesses. Why is there a separate B&C constituency? 3. ccTLDs, who are asked for 40%+ of ICANN's budget, receive 1/7 of the representation on the DNSO, which in turn receives 1/6 of the Board representation. 4. CcTLDs are registries. What is the justification for making them a separate constituency? (There may be strong justifications, but I haven't seen it yet.) 5. Why was the gTLD constituency restricted to NSI, when there were, prior to ICANN's creation, other prospective and actual, functioning gTLD operators? Why are there no plans to include new, ICANN-designated gTLDs in that constituency? Why should gTLDs have to be in the ICANN root to be accepted in the constituency - shouldn't they, as prospective registries, have a stake in affecting ICANN policies? I could go on. Sorry, Ken, it's a one-finger exercise to reduce the rationale behind the DNSO constituency structure to absolute rubble. I look forward to your response.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00482.html 

     However, there are too many open issues to make a realistic recommendation on structure at this point. There are many issues that would have to be considered, including the effects of the creation of such an entity would have on: 1) the GA (there is clear overlap -- perhaps the GA should be converted into a general "intake committee" function, expressly for the purpose of getting proposals the DSNO that otherwise would not have a home); 2) the BC (in particular w/ respect to very small, individual businesses); and perhaps 3) the NCC (individuals and consumers are non-commercial in nature; many of the members of the NCC are there because they believe they represent consumer interests, not because they have any particular problems with domain names themselves).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01487.html 

     Some have talked about the number of votes each constituency should have. Others have said that members of those constituencies are also individual domain holders and should be allowed to be a Member of any Individual Domain Holder's Constituency, as well, if it is created. I agree, but the Individual Domain Name Holders are just one group like businesses, ISPs, Registrars, etc., but, the Individual's constituency isn't limited to just Domain Holders, but to all Internet users, AND it should have MORE votes than all the other Constituencies combined, therefore having the ONLY veto to any proposals. Since this Constituency would represent everyone equally, their opinion should be the determining factor. Since that is not likely to occur, I only see two options. A. Simply go to a straight one-person, one-vote system. B. Let those existing Constituencies draft proposals that do NOT go to ICANN for approval, but go to the public for a vote to get approved.  This does not, however, address the rights of the USERS of the Internet in general. IDNH is for Domain Holders, but the bigger issue is Individual Users needing representation. When I speak of one-person-one-vote, I am talking about all USERS, not just Domain Name Owners or Holders. IMO both operate better on one-person-one-vote though.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00822.html 

     I still believe that since anyone can be part of the @Large or Individual's constituency, we should total the votes or number of board members of all the constituencies and then give the Individuals one more vote than the total, giving the users of the Internet the overriding opinion on every issue.  Simply adding the IDNH in no way balances the system. We can cancel out the TM vote, but those in the business constituency, which really run the TM vote as well still have a trump vote over the IDNH. The deck is already stacked and us getting one extra card isn't going to make enough of a difference. It is a good start, but if the @Large or the public let's say, have the final say. The constituencies would simply vote to present a proposal to the public. We aren't likely to get ANY agreement on this out of the BoD or other constituencies.   http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00969.html 

     I have to say the current situation where Constituencies are able to place 3 members onto the NC as very bizarre. Given that the NC is supposed to be the representative body that reports up the chain. It would appear to me there is very little provision to ensure the positions on the NC are filled by the best qualified and capable people. No does there appear to be a direct relationship between the positions and the number of participants they represent.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02631.html

SHOULD NOT EVEN BE A CONSTITUENCY

     I personally believe in a dissolution of the TM constituency, that it be absorbed within the BC. After all, the lawyers are hirelings of the Business Constitency and its community. As Kent Crispin keeps trying to convince us, the BC represents "all" business interests, surely those who speak for the BC should only be allowed to speak on their Clientele's behalf, and not on their own. Unless,of course, the NC is meant to be weighted in the interests of the BC, thereby necessitating a TM trump card on the NC. (how's that for jargon?)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01234.html 

     The existance of registrars and registries as having some sort of special interest is merely a fancy that exists in the mind of one who wants to give those groups special powers. In reality such businesses are simply that - businesses. No one is saying that a person - such as a person who has built a registrar - who demonstrates expertise, and honest expression of that expertise, in an area shouldn't be given a high degree of credibility. But that hardly justifies the creation of a constituency, i.e. the granting of privileges without demonstration that those privileges are in accord with any objectively measurement.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00158.html 

     Then equally ridiculous for there to be a constituency for TM Holders. It would not be necessary for IDNH Constituency if SWIPO had not been stretching TM Law beyond the law itself. There would not be a need if the UDRP was a fair and impartial Procedure Guideline. There would not be a need to add fairness to the DNSO, NC, or ICANN if they already had fair practices to begin with.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00859.html 

     Let's throw this idea out immediately. We don't assign entire constituencies to individual organizations. If we start doing that, then let's have an ACM constituency, and IBM constituency, and a Syracuse University constituency (all of which have more members than ISOC).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00058.html 

THE FUNDAMENTAL CHOICES

     One has proposed a complete dissolution of the constituency structure. Another has proposed the addition of new constituencies. This is a nice, simple dichotomy that we could use as a focal point. We might even be able to come to an agreement about it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00057.html 

     I suggest that all of the questions you ask about constituencies are irrelevant until the fundamental question is asked and answered: Should the DNSO have a constituency structure?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00112.html 

     SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS Although I am not inclined to agree that there should be unequal constituencies in the DNSO for purposes of getting a seat at the NC, I think that debate should follow the initial question concerning structure. It looks like we have at least two proposals: 1) that the "official" constituency structure be abandoned, and open constituencies replace them; 2) that the current constituency structure be liberalized to allow any constituency to join the DNSO based on a list of objective criteria of representation; 2a) if the constituency structure is liberalized, criteria should be established to determine the appropriate number of seats on the NC for each constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00167.html 

     We seem to have to rough proposals on the table regarding constituencies: - Elimination of formal/official constituencies and replacement of that with a one-person-one-vote mechanism (my approach) - Creation of objective criteria for the recognition and continued existance of official constituencies (including those already in existance) - individuals and small businesses being two examples of constituencies that would probably quickly arise. My own sense is that continuation of the status quo is a non-starter.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00188.html 

     >It looks like we have at least two proposals: None of the positions are yet detailed enough to qualify as proposals, and it appears there are at least nine positions, but this is a good jumping off point for discussing this question >1) that the "official" constituency structure be abandoned, and open >constituencies replace them; This goes directly to issues of representation in the NC, and therefore the ICANN board - without a specific mechanism for that representation, or a call to abandon the concept of the NC (and replacing it with x), it's a position that might be held by any number of people who actually disagree on implementation. This needs clarification, it would seem: No votes by constituencies, election by GA - 1 Individual domain name holders get one vote each - 1 Don't know - 1 Letting things resolve as they may without locked in constituencies/Free Choice - 2 the current review process should be used to reformulate the constituencies - 1 >2) that the current constituency structure be liberalized to allow any >constituency to join the DNSO based on a list of objective criteria of >representation; Liberalized is perhaps a loaded word, there - I would suggest modified. I'm not sure, in any event, how the structure can be liberalized, though certainly the process for constituency creation can be opened up. In addition to this one, the following positions have been recorded in the informal poll: 3. That the current structure be changed by combining provider groups. (no support - 0 votes) 4. That the current structure be changed by combining user groups. (3 votes) 5. That the current structure be changed by a combination of 3 and 4 (4 votes) These positions could use some clarification, at least for me, in terms of which specific constituencies might be combined. 6. That the current structure be changed by adding an individuals' constituency. (motion made and seconded in the list) 7. That the current structure be changed by adding a "chartered tld" constituency. (motion made and seconded in the list) 8. That the current structure be changed by doing both 6 and 7. This is a slight overstatement - the motions were made to develop sub-working groups to discuss them, but I'm assuming that the intent is to create them. 9. The current structure should not be changed. (3 votes) >2a) if the constituency structure is liberalized, criteria >should be established to determine the appropriate number of seats on the NC >for each constituency. I believe this is actually a separate question, and applies to several of the positions above.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00178.html 

I think Greg's point that the poll results show a lack of a clear consensus by this WG that the constituency structure of the DNSO should be abolished is exactly correct.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01507.html 

As members of this Working Group, some of us have expressed the need to eliminate the Names Council and the Constituency structure; others have pressed for the establishment of alternate Constituencies in order to secure representation and add new blood to an organization clearly in need of a transfusion.  What we have in common is a shared sentiment that the current poorly performing “Management Team” of the DNSO needs to be replaced.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02142.html 

PROPOSALS TO ABOLISH THE CONSTITUENCIES

     It is clear to me, now, that the current constituency system is severely broken, for all definitions of "broken", and should be done away with.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02376.html
 
     We only have time to speak ONE of these issues. That is the issue of the continued existance of the constituency model. We have no time to discuss refinements beyond that point. Given that, the KISS answer is to disband the constituencies and elect NC members direcly via the GA. We have no time to discuss any other options (although, there are a few that look promising).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00275.html 

     Given the above, would I not be correct, that, if the constituencies are abolished, without restructuring either the Names Council, or, ICANN in total, The Names Council would cease to exist (apart from stuffing up the by-laws)? Now, regarding the General Assembly, which, supposedly, from Greg's response above, could appoint Names Council members, from clause 1(b), above, the General Assembly exists in parallel to, and, at the same level as, the Names Council, and, no apparent authority exists, for the General assembly to appoint members of the Names Council. From my understanding of the by-laws, a motion to abolish the constituencies, is a motion to abolish the (apparently non-existent, from the ICANN organisational structure chart) Names Council. Thus, if my understanding of all of this is correct, the motions to abolish the constituencies, are in fact, motions to abolish the Names Council, and, to transfer its role, completely, to the General Assembly  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01606.html 

     Poll results on the question "Abandoning the constituency structure altogether" were as follows: Total number of voters: 25; Against 8 32% ; For 16 64% ; No Opinion 1 4%. Due to these results, it appears to me that discussion might focus first on the question "If constituencies are to be abandoned altogether, what should replace them?"  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02148.html 

     I was just over at the NCDNHC list and guiess what? DNRC, a non-profit, just got rejected, because they also support commercial interests.Like MHSC, but for different reason, they don't fit in any other constituency either. Ergo, they are disenfranchised.  I can't think of a stronger argument for the abolishment of the constituency model. If we can't include everyone that controls a domain name, it shouldn't exist. A DNSO that doesn't enfranchise ALL domain name holders, is NOT a DNSO!  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02554.html 

     We ought to dispense the concept of "stakeholders" and its derivative, the constituency structure. This was discussed extensively on the list. I do not think a consensus was achieved, but there was certainly widespread feeling that the current constituency structure was part of the problem.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01524.html 

     Remember, the clear majority in the WG voted *against* constituencies allltogether, any other comments are *subsidiary* and should be treated as such. If he wishes to submit his suggestion as an indicidual, that's his prerogative, but the WG should not endorse it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02373.html 

     If you favour the abolition of all constituencies, then obviously IDNH ers will be part of a new democratic structure that elects NC representatives. Or is there a misunderstanding about that too?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01408.html 

     If the consensus of the WG is that the constituency structure is pernicious, we should say so. (Myself, I tend to agree that it is.) Moreover, we should suggest an alternative to the constituency structure that would be superior. (That's the harder part.) By all means, our report should set out alternative recommendations as well -- i.e., "if the readers of this report are unwilling to go so far as to enact the sweeping change we have recommended, here is a set of less sweeping changes that constitute a second-best solution." But taking the fundamental issues off the table, and out of our report, won't do anything to strengthen the impact of that second set of recommendations.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00199.html   

     Do I have to resubmit all the arguments against constituencies, under the correct headers?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01427.html 

     We need to seriously look at the prime engineering doctrine of KISS! If we KISS the constituencies, they dry up and blow away, as being much to complex for what they are supposed to do. They divide efforts, resources, and focus, in an initial group that is too small to tolerate that.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01802.html 

     A better, more inclusive, approach to the constituency model is to let the GA vote for ALL NC seats. No kowtowing to special interests here (TM or otherwise). Let blocks of voters form PACs, but each individual votes independently. For the DNSO, a voting member is one that has color of title to, at least one, domain name. Additional domain names do not garner any extra voting rights, however. Legally recognized corporate entities can vote along with anyone else.   http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01554.html 

     The obvious model for the DNSO is what he proposed. The GA to include everyone feeeling concerned and housing SIGs, Centers Of Interest, WGs...created/uncreated at will, with their own charters to address particular needs or group of needs. Their real interest and value is their capacity to share into the study, decision preparation, etc... to serve the BoD and for the Internet community. In such a scheme the NC is just a common secretariat and a polling committee. The GA elects its Chair and the BoD. The question here is qualification, not policy. So the real issue is the nomination of the candidates (hey have to be qualified): it is up to the GA groups (approved as nominators by the GA) to qualify them and to the GA to elect them.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02644.html

     Again, that loaded word "stakeholders" - we ought not to pre-judge who has a "stake" but rather let people decide for themselves whether they feel that they have an interest they want to protect. Rather than forcing people into pre-conceived, and arbitrary "constituencies" we ought to allow people to aggregate (and de-aggregate) into fluid coalitions.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00036.html

     As for constituencies - I have not seen a compelling justification to retain pre-defined "constituencies" with pre-allocated voting powers. The closest thing to a justification that I have seen is the argument that there are many who do not pariticpate and who need someone to act as their proxy voice. I don't mind that structure as long as the proxy voice is just that, a voice, and that the actual votes still come from individual people (even corporations need to manifest their actions through the acts of people.)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00727.html 

     Getting rid of rotten burough "constituencies" that give voting rights, often multiple voting rights, to special groups is not drastic. Creating structures that allow people to form coalitions with those they believe have a common point of view on an issue is not drastic. Having procedures through which all who are interested may have rational organized discussions is not drastic. Allowing any member to call for a counted vote whenever that memeber disagrees with the chair's assessment is not drastic. Retention of the status quo - that is drastic.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00782.html 

     Getting rid of them now, folding all the power into the GA, and assigning working groups to do that job the way it ought to be done, is more sensible and practicable, IMHO. Then, when we have the membership that warrants such scalibility, we will be ready with a better defined idea of how constituencies work or should work. Shucks, we may even have consensus on them, by then. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02376.html

     Actually, I'd say that there was more widespread support for the dissolution of the constitency structure. In fact it appears to be a majority, check it out: http://pollcat.com/Lite/report.asp?report=report/tzk27voon5_a  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01436.html

     I have the utmost respect for his professional positions which I happen to share, and I must note that: 1. this WG-Review has overwhelmingly shown his distrust in the constituency system  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01505.html 

     Should sound more like: In your opinion, should the *current* constituency structure of the DNSO be abandoned altogether?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01534.html 

     I share the view of some that ICANN made a critical mistake in allowing for the representation of interest groups by way of the establishment of the Domain Name Supporting Organization constituencies, and within this context feel an obligation to articulate my dissenting point of view relative to that which now appears to be the Review Working Group’s polled consensus position regarding the establishment of an Independent Domain Name Holders Constituency; it is my position that these formal constituencies should be decommissioned and folded into the General Assembly membership, thereby allowing for the consequent bottoms-up formation of alliances that would, of necessity, fluidly coalesce and shift with the emergence of new issues that call for consensus-based policy directives.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01342.html
    
For one thing, we can start by re-enfranchising those that ICANN/DNSO dis-enfranchised in the first place. Delete the primary tool for dis-enfranchisement ... the constituencies, and re-integrate those blocks back into the DNSO/GA. Then you can, ever so politely, invite the inclusive root server operators back into the fold, rather than snubing them. Make this an inclusive club, in fact, rather than fiction.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01296.html 

     It is clear that we can neither agree on specific constituencies or that anyone has a clue on the process needed to create a constituency. Simply creating them by executive fiat, as the current constituencies are, is generally unacceptable and has not, in fact, been accepted. This includes all the wrangeling over Independent Domain Name Holders. There seems to be good agreement, in WG-Review, that the constituency model is not working.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01554.html 

     Fine, let's get rid of the entire existing constituency system. I don't have a problem with that either. It's pretty clear that the current BC and TM C's are in cahoots... and who knows who else?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01329.html 

     But, I don't see much effort on figuring out, how to figure out, which new ones to add. Also, no matter which ones we add, someone will ALWAYS be left out.  You can just about bank it.  There are two ways to approach such a problem;  1) Create a catch-all constituancy (which may just be the GA), or  2) dump them all.  Now ask yourself;  which one's less work?  Which has a higher likelyhood of success, in the near term?  what damages are accrued by the status quo?  which is more difficult to subvert?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02567.html

     And I do dislike the implicit grouping of people into "constituencies" on the basis of broad perceptions by third parties of some common interest - we all know that there are subtle differences of opinion that often put groups of people who would otherwise seem to have common ground into opposition to one another. We ought to build mechanisms that permit fluid formation - and disintegration - of coalitions. The only way I see to do that is to have a "one person, one vote" system - that way people can join together as they see fit.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00043.html

     I have personally presented, repeatedly, over the past weeks, substantial argument for something that could credibly replace the current system. That argument was NOT created in a vacume. I have also received private and public support for the individual concepts, which recently were integrated into the MHSC comments and summary opinion, presented early this morning (shortly after mid-night. The proposal I put forth, makes the GA truely the primary assembly of the DNSO, with the NC directly answerable to it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01585.html 

     I still see some with the mistaken hope that the constituency system can be repaired. IMHO, it can't. However, they are so intricatly woven throughout the current DNSO structure that the only way to eliminate them is to re-wire the DNSO. I have submitted documents that can begin to do that.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01237.html 

     It is clear that we can neither agree on specific constituencies or that anyone has a clue on the process needed to create a constituency. Simply creating them by executive fiat, as the current constituencies are, is generally unacceptable. This includes all the wrangeling over Independent Domain Holders. A better, more inclusive approach is to let the GA vote for ALL NC seats. No kowtowing to special interests here (TM or otherwise). Let blocks of voters form PACs, but each individual votes independently. For the DNSO, a voting member is one that has color of title to, at least one, domain name. Additional domain names do not garner any extra voting rights, however. Legally recognized corporate entities can vote along with anyone else.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01158.html 

     And if, as some suggest, the existing infrastructure is beyond any redemption, then we must be considering such angles AND INDIVIDUALS MUST GET ORGANIZED).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01329.html 

     Perhaps we are using the same words in different ways? I don't mind "constituencies" as long as they are declared by their own members, have no official standing, and have no voice except as reflected by the combined voices of those who chose to support its position. My objection is to "official" constituencies - that represent some third party's dictat as to who shall be lumped with whom on what issues and with what degree of voting power.  Thus we ought to allow each person to decide for himself/herself how to best proceed and with whom to join forces, if anyone. If people chose to join together, who are we to say no? If people chose not to join togeher, again, who are we to say no?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00117.html 

     Earlier statements of threshold questions can be summarized by this one. The ultimate threshold question wrt constitiencies. .... keep them or lose them? For all of the reasons that were touched upon in this thread, I think that constituencies are a appendage that the DNSO is not yet mature enough to grow.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00276.html 

     The first solution for having people like you, me and common people talking together is to drop the artificial mechanic of the NC and its seats, limited representation etc.... 1. one GA open to all who want to share and may survive the individuals in here. 2. ad hoc working groups proposed by centers of interests, associations structures, club, whatever you want 3. concertation at WG Chair level (one WG one vote) to check that the proposed documents are professional and non conflicting. 4. nomination and election to the BoD by the GA after nomination approval by the Chair Concilium (to avoid internal disputes and permit NICs to get one out 3 sites as it should be the case in the ASO and PSO, due to special duties and responsibilities).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00519.html 

     b) DNSO Needs Reformation. NC should pay attention to the poll result done by Review WG that 97 % people responded YES. [Appendix 2] Some including one of At-Large Board Director,  recommend to eliminate "Constituency" structure itself, which has not been working out in the DNSO.[Appendix 3]  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01332.html 

     Drop constituencies altogether.  Then, let the people speak, and, importantly, be heard, and, let their will be recognised.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01325.html 

     Artificial constituencies are too prone to special interest capture. The real ballet here is how to balance constituency creation, appropriate representation and special interests.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00208.html 

     Should DNSO constituencies be retained or abolished altogether?" The following results are based on the participation of the total of 25 respondents of the poll: Abolished: 16 Votes = 64.00% Retained: 3 Votes = 12.00% Don't Know: 3 Votes = 12.00% Other: 3 Votes = 12.00%  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01467.html 

     As long as there is an NC, we will need to keep looking at the distribution of power.......to my mind, a compelling argument for eliminating it IF we truly believe a consensus process is the most desirable approach.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00395.html 

     The constituency structure is a failure and should be abandoned.  Using the word in another sense, if administrators "represent" their users and companies "represent" their clients, then it is entirely possible an open-to-all-comers mailing list is the best anyone can do toward achieving appropriate representation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00552.html 

     I understand, from what has been said, that the existence of the constituencies is a necessary evil; that, without the constituencies, no advocacy to the Names Council would exist; that the Names Council members are appointed, without the constituencies, and, that removing the constituencies, would ensure that an appointed board would be what constituted the Names Council, with no-one being represented, other than the body that appointed the NC board. So, can I please have this all clarified, by someone on this list, who knows; the current structure, and, the effect of exterminating the constituencies?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01538.html 

     I am not sure what the purpose a Names Council will serve in the absence of constituencies. If you vote to support abolition of the constituencies, it seems to me that the NC must go too; otherwise, you have a structure that is worse, not better, than the status quo. It seems a bit silly to vote to get rid of a structure without careful thinking about what should replace it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01583.html 

     Is it a workable solution to have the constituencies operate outside of ICANN as PACs and then just have a general assembly one person one vote. Then only committees which make recomendations which the board puts up for vote. You could even have registration of the PACs.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01610.html 

     Abandoning the constituency structure altogether Total number of voters: 25; Against 8 32%; For 16 64% No Opinion 1 4%. Comments: · Let's be realistic about what this WG can achieve · The current set is bad. The concept probably so. But there may be worse alternatives, so we need to see the next step before we throw out the current structure. · They should be a part of the structure, I would like to see additional layers above them however. · Possibly, yes. Constituencies resemble to political parties in Italy. They intercept and use the vote of the people to rule the power on their own. For this reason either we should first get a dedicated constituency and then try to change the system. · I have asked for clarification of this, on the mailing list, and, no response has been forthcoming. I am unable to make an informed vote. · I would like to see IDNH/IDNO as a primary or base constituency, upon which all other secondary constituencies are co-dependent. · One domain, one vote? · I assume that "for" means that I'm voting "yes" to abandon constituencies. · BECAUSE THE EXISTING ICANN BoDs HAVE SHOWN THE EASE IN WHICH THEY CAN ABUSE IT.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01763.html 

     The Draft DNSO Review Report 2.0 presents the following synopsis regarding constituencies, “Review discussions highlighted two areas relevant to the constituencies.  First, representations and procedures within a constituency; second, overlap of constituencies and whether all stakeholders are represented with the current numbers of constituencies.”  I seem to recall a fair amount of comment regarding the desire to abolish the constituency structure.  Can anyone explain why that portion of the discussions was not referenced in this synopsis?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02168.html
     
>RTF Report:  "Discussions within the General Assembly, the Working Group, and other forums on the question of a constituency for individual domain name holders reflect that while not all agree with the need for it, there is sufficient support to explore its establishment. "snip I pause here to point out something interesting. Although the majority of the WG was against the CONSTITUENCY structure, Ms/Mrs.(?) T. Swineheart writes that there is "sufficient support to explore" the establishment of an IDNH/O. There is an explicit association between this judgement of "sufficient support" and the WG, after all, they're being used in the same sentence in support of a predication. Let me continue with the *same* paragraph. snip "...If the constituency is added, a procedure is needed to ensure that it occurs in a transparent manner, is representative of its charter, and that the role of the General Assembly, Non-Commercial Constituency, and the At Large members is looked at in relation to the individual constituency. This next statement in the paragraph is dependent upon the preceding predication in the final clause of the last sentence (i.e. that the WG "sufficiently" supports the establishment of an IDNH, even though the WG is mostly against CONSTITUENCIES). The final thought in this sentence is: "and the At Large members is looked at in relation to the individual constituency." still the same thoughts carried through falsified implicature to make a further statement that is wholly without basis IN ANY REALITY.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02242.html 

     Desegregating the groups and combining them all into a single voting block (assembly) with the same, or increasing, amount of voting rights as far as members elected. The concept being that any good idea from any group within the assembly would be adopted by the assembly as a whole and given its' due weight. The membership here would not be important as it would be the issues presented that would create participation. Someone with no stake at all in an issue would presumably not vote on such a subject. Further the elected officials would be responsible to the group as a whole and would remain at the popular determination of the assembly. By popular demand issues could be placed upon the agenda and decisions would be transparent.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02247.html
 
     In my submission, I advocated against having formal constituencies.;  1) We don't really know what they are  2) How to build them  3) How to authorize them  3) How to organize them  4) How to apportion their politcal weight.  While the submission has some merit (I'm still going over it, it's a lotta work). It still assumes a need for heirarchical structure. Yes, it scales. However, due to it's size, getting consensus on it is problematic. Especially within the time-frame. We simply haven't the time to get the buy-in.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02376.html

     Actually, this idea was a part of the original DNSO proposal. It was a melange of floating constituencies that self-created and destructed, in a rather fluid manner. This was rejected by the BoD, in favor of the Constituencies-on-ice that we have now. The former is non-deterministic and the latter is almost fully deterministic. Deterministic systems are easier to control. Regardless of relative merit (and I think the idea has merit), it wont fly past the BoD (except maybe Karl, who originally suggested it). At the end of the day, we're probably not going to get it.  Given that, I think that one of the two option I laid out, is more practicable. I never believed in the worthiness of half-steps. So, we either have full-on floating constituencies, or none at all, IMHO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02570.html

THE WORRY THAT THE PROPOSAL TO ABOLISH WILL BE DISREGARDED

     Any significant change to the constituency structure will reopen a set of issues that I guarantee will either deadlock this WG for months, or doom it to total irrelevance. Moreover, even if we reopened all those issues, the final result would be, I wager, not much different from the current one -- the current constituencies (except the NCC) are all here because their members fought very hard to be here, and they are not going to suddenly change their minds. The TM interests have not suddenly become powerless; the registrars and registries have not become any less important in the ICANN structure; business still register the vast majority of domain names. None of the basic dynamics that led to the current structure have changed all that much.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00047.html

     Those of us who have been involved from the early stages are very well aware of the possibility of nullification, of our work. Those of us, whom have read the archives, know that this has happened in the past, frequently. Many of us also know that parts of history is not as it appears. However, we are still here, while others have opted out of the process altogether.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02133.html 

     Anyone who participated in WG-B or WG-C knows that what the NC wants to hear it will use, and what the NC doesn't want to hear, it won't. It's *all* flimflam, the only options being (a) participate, so no one can claim you didn't try to influence the process, and (b) don't participate, so no one can claim that there was broad-based participation and all points were considered. Damned if you do and damned if you don't.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00467.html 

     Which ccTLDs? Interested in what, a recommended revision of the constituency structure, or a recommendation from this WG that the constituencies be abandoned, both of which will end up in the trash? The ccTLD regsitries have more on their plate than that; their economic existence is under threat, exhorbitant fees are being demanded of them and at the same time that their right to continue operating their registry is at risk by the GAC, so that they are afraid to say "no dough". Do you imagine that they care whether there are a couple of new constituencies or not? Use your head.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01495.html 

     More discussion on an NC without constituencies (is it politically realistic?) is needed. An NC without constituencies is possible, but it should then be larger, so that it can accommodate natural alliances and factions arising from an election from among the members of the GA.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01597.html 

     The second poll seems to me to show that (more or less) the same people who would vote to abolish the DNSO constituencies given the choice, would equally vote to have one for individuals if the other objective were not possible. I believe even the proponent for abolition supports this position. Would you really want to block any representation whatsoever for individuals until the objective of dismantling the DNSO had been achieved, even if that were to take more than 2 years (giving time for the 'Large study had been completed etc.)?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01454.html 

     As I see it, we should scrap the constituency structure. However, if we're stuck with such a structure, then we should add constituencies to improve the balance. At a minimum, constituencies for:  end users, who after all are the final customer domain holders, if for no other reason than that they pay the bills consumer groups, to counterbalance the heavy business interests  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01524.html 

     For example, it is more likely that ISP/CP, BIZ, REG, IP, and GTLD will form a voting block as a group. Thats 13 votes out of 18. This was apparent at the last NC board election. It is unlikely, under the present circumstances, that, say, a NCC delegate would be elected to the board. Or a ccTLD for that matter (speaking from personal experience). Since it is unlikely that a suggestion from this WG to completely restructure the constituency system, perhaps the addition of two more constituencies at this time could create a more viable structure for open voting, and more diversity of coalition-building. One I would recommend is Individual Domain Name Holders.  Perhaps the other _might_ be the ISOC.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00052.html  

     Regardless of ICANN's rhetoric and call for representatives, it does not appear that ICANN wants any other representatives other than those few players already positioned within itself.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02092.html 

     Individuals do not have constituency status, and a detached observer might be forgiven for concluding that it is unlikely that the Names Council and the Board will grant them that status. Energy expended on participation at this juncture, therefore, is likely to be in vain. By contrast, if such a constituency were in fact created, with the ability to elect and instruct Names Council representatives, I would expect participation to be much more extensive and more broadly based.  At some level, to demand assurances that an individuals' constituency will "represent that vast interests of individuals" may place on this proposed constituency a burden not imposed on the others. It is hardly clear, for example, that the Business and Commercial constituency represents "the vast interests of businesses," as opposed to the interests of the particular businesses who are most active in that constituency's affairs.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00055.html 

     Our WG function should not be constrained by rules or by-laws. It's up to us to make recommencations, whatever they are. If we end up recommending one or more additional constituencies, so be it. Assuming we do so, and assuming that some group wants to come forward to form (self-organize) that constituency, then it would follow that whatever applications, changes in by-laws, etc that needed to happen, would happen. My point is, let's not limit our thinking.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00111.html 

     I do agree that it is totally unnecessary to think about any work here before deciding about Constituencies and therefore about NC. I agree that it is totally necessary to think about any work here if we do not have a "clean sheet" point of view as the @large Study Group is supposed to have (which means they may request DNSO changes). 5.1. every one competent in Domain Name may join the GA 5.2. we identify centers of interests which may self-organize in Chapters, Associations, Cooperations, Constituencies ... as they think advisable  5.3. these centers of interests unite at Chair or Rep level (keeping advantage of the past fightings) into the Name Council (NC). 5.4. New Centers of Interest may join the NC if accepted by the NC. 5.5. a DNSO advisory committee may help working relations between constituencies and may include guest groups (NC candidates or not) 5.6. the NC elects its representatives to the BoD. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00132.html 

     Please note that the purpose of this WG is to identify ways to make the DNSO more productive. That purpose is not at all served by trying to change the fundamental structure of the DNSO. Instead, such attempts are certain to be disruptive in the extreme, and to totally paralyze the DNSO. Indeed, I'm beginning to wonder if this is not the hidden intent of this WG.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00177.html 

STATUS OF THE NC IF THE CONSTITUENCIES ARE ABOLISHED

     In favour of redistribution of NC seats? Total number of voters: 22; NO 2 9.0909%; Other (please specify) 1 4.5455%; YES 19 86.3636% Comments: · "in order to evenly balance.." is wrong. "in order to make better decisions" is the right goal. · I would like to see a restructuring of this constituency model to a more layered approach. · one GA accepted yearly confirme SIG one Member · I have requested, on the mailing list, clarification of the relationship between the constituencies and the Names Council, and none has been forthcoming. I am unable to make an informed vote. · If we retain the C structure, then OUT with the TM gang (for one), and pin a bill for time *served* on their lapels! · Finding an algorithm to do this redistribution will be hard.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01761.html 

     The difference between a constituency and a center of interest is that the CI is open to all concerned by the discussed topic. It is less formal and can be far more productive (or less because less structured and therefore depening more on its Chair, but with her we have a good pusher !). At the end of the day the NC should be revised to be the conference of the Chairs of Constituencies and CIes (one pole of concern/one vote). proably the Chair of the GA should then also be the Chair of that NC: may be on a rotational basis.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00985.html 

     It seems to me we have three separate issues: 1. If constituencies are the electors for the NC - which they currently are - the creation of specific constituencies, like the proposed IDNH 2. If constituencies are the electors for the NC, how should constituencies be created? 3. Whether or not constituencies should continue as the electors for the NC  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01431.html 

     The NC elects members to the BoD. The NC is elected by the constituencies. I'd be very interested in who is claiming that the NC would be automatically be "appointed" if the constituencies don't elect them. It would be quite possible for the General Assembly to elect the NC members as well. The bylaws certainly don't include any statement that the NC will be appointed if constituencies no longer vote for them.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01584.html 

     Abolishing the NC would make the DNSO unworkable. An NC is needed to formulate policy for approval by the ICANN Board. The Board cannot do this without input from the stateholders. What could perhaps be a realistic and stable solution is to create a bi-cameral NC. An "upper Chamber" , consisting of constituency (including an IDNHC) representatives and a "lower Chamber" elected directly by the GA. Policy formulations would then have to pass both Chambers. Less opportunity for railroading too.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01618.html 

     A bi-cameral system, as proposed, would serve only the interests that control the upper chamber, thus making the lower chamber redundant. The constituencies could reject everything put up by the lower chmaber, and, thus, the general assembly would have no say whatsoever.  Thus, I object to the proposed bi-cameral system  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01621.html 

     This is the reason why it was decided to abolish the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, although I have to say that on occasion they have brought common sense to the The House of Commons by throwing Bills back to them for review .  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01625.html 

     The US has a bi-cameral system, the House of Representitives and the Senate. It works, albeit slowly.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01631.html 

     The House of Lords abolition never got through - it was thrown out by - - guess who?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01644.html 

     The concept of a bi-cameral NC appears reasonable. One group with clear agendas and another with wide base individual voting.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01711.html 

     Election of NC members independent of the constituency structure Total number of voters: 20 NO 4 20% No opinion 2 10% YES 14 70% Comments: · Partly · I would like to see more constituencies with representatives in a higher level from which the NC candidates are chosen. So, it is a layered approach. · first an dsecond nomination should however be reserved to the SIG, IC, etc... accepted/yearly confirmed bythe GA · I have sought clarification of the relationship between the constituencies and the Names Council, on the mailing list, and, none has been forthcoming. I am unable to make an informed vote. · Unless base (IDNH/IDNO) constituency is established first. · But ONLY if this means that candidates who were nominated, from within any constituency (or without) were still ELECTED by a MAJORITY in the GA (i.e. that their names would go on a GA vote ballot, open to all. (or no "consensus" from me!)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01762.html
 
SPECIAL PLACE AT TABLE

     That question has already been asked and answered through a very long and ardous process, and the answer is before us: we have constituencies, and we have them for very good reasons. It is obvious that there are in fact groups (such as the ccTLDs and the registrars) that are in a unique relationships with ICANN, relationships that are not fairly or adequately addressed by a "one person, one vote" rule. The exact nature of these unique relationships is debatable, but that they exist is not. These groups demand, and in fact deserve, a special place at the table. The current constituencies are there because there were people who made the case for their existence. They are ad hoc, but that only reflects an underlying reality: the parties that have an interest in domain name policy come in ad hoc groupings.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00145.html 

NO SPECIAL PLACE

     On another board I participate on this is an example of domain holders concern and a reason for their lack of trust in the Registrars and in the relationship between the registrars and ICANN.  So when some say a group represented by companies who act in this fashion should have a "special place" or be given credibility, I have to wonder whether or not that person has their own agenda or relationship with the groups in question.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00162.html 

IMPACT ON THE GA

     If changes are made in the constituency structures, should the GA continue to exist? If an individuals' constituency is created, should the GA continue to exist?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00110.html 

     This is a rough proposal that takes a different, albeit radical, approach to the issue. I believe that this addresses many of the issues and questions brought by the Board, recognizes the value of "constituencies", and provides mechanisms for improving both the DNSO functions and output. A. Proposal Structure and Process 1. GA to elect ICANN board members directly 1 person, 1 vote all elected at once runoff election to 6 nominees top 3 elected 2. Formal Constituencies Continue to Exist a. rationale 1. natural communities of interest 2. recognition of a specific stake 3. encourage diversity of processes and views b. proposed role 1. Provide discussion forum for constituency-specific concerns 2. Develop constituency position papers for ublication to the Board, the GA, and Working Groups 3. Participate in the creation of working groups 4. Do outreach to currently non-involved parties who might have a stake c. creation and ongoing support 1. Criteria for recognition a. description of constituency b. threshold # of GA members who wish to form it c. immediate financial contribution of constituency (minimal = cost of setting up list, web site, forums, and polls; and hosting for a year) 2. Process of implementation 3. Support requirements 3. GA to elect a chair and small exec committee a. role of chair b. role of executive committee 4. Working Groups provide the SO-wide research and consensus development process on substantive issues. a. creation 1. board request 2. executive committee request 3. constituencies request - 3 or more? 4. GA request - threshold of 25 members requesting it? b. process 5. Financing and Resources a. secretariat b. funding c. required resources B. Questions and friction areas addressed by the proposal Proper definition of GA function and role facilitation of GA member participation in the GA facilitation of Constituency member participation in the GA facilitation of goals for constituencies facilitation of consensus-building goals inclusive representation facilitation of outreach goals  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00341.html 

REASONS TO KEEP THE CONSTITUENCY STRUCTURE

     A formal constituency structure, while liable to the problems you have pointed out in the discussions regarding the word "stakeholders", also does at least give a recognized minority some voice. (Of course, the perhaps majority of the GA, personal/individual/small business domain holders, have no voice at all under the current situation.)  However.....I think I could go for something that kept the constituency structure and made it more fluid (ie, easier for a constituency to disband or be created), allocated 1 NC seat per constituency, and allowed the remainder of the NC to be elected by the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00045.html

     Rough Proposal C - Eliminate the names council and keep the concept of "official" constituencies. This is a rough proposal that takes a different, albeit radical, approach to the issue. I believe that this addresses many of the issues and questions brought by the Board, recognizes the value of "constituencies", and provides mechanisms for improving both the DNSO functions and output. A. Proposal Structure and Process 1. GA to elect ICANN board members directly 1 person, 1 vote all elected at once runoff election to 6 nominees top 3 elected 2. Formal Constituencies Continue to Exist a. rationale 1. natural communities of interest 2. recognition of a specific stake 3. encourage diversity of processes and views b. proposed role 1. Provide discussion forum for constituency-specific concerns 2. Develop constituency position papers for publication to the Board, the GA, and Working Groups 3. Participate in the creation of working groups 4. Do outreach to currently non-involved parties who might have a stake c. creation and ongoing support 1. Criteria for recognition a. description of constituency b. threshold # of GA members who wish to form it c. immediate financial contribution of constituency (minimal = cost of setting up list, web site, forums, and polls; and hosting for a year) 2. Process of implementation 3. Support requirements 3. GA to elect a chair and small exec committee a. role of chair b. role of executive committee 4. Working Groups provide the SO-wide research and consensus development process on substantive issues. a. creation 1. board request 2. executive committee request 3. constituencies request - 3 or more? 4. GA request - threshold of 25 members requesting it? b. process 5. Financing and Resources a. secretariat b. funding c. required resources B. Questions and friction areas addressed by the proposal Proper definition of GA function and role facilitation of GA member participation in the GA facilitation of Constituency member participation in the GA facilitation of goals for constituencies facilitation of consensus-building goals inclusive representation facilitation of outreach goals  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00295.html 

     I believe the DNSO should have a constituency structure. The formation of Internet Policy is inevitable, even if only to express that the policy should be "mostly hands-off". The constituency structure should create a series of checks and balances in the development of that policy. For example, the balance between free speech and intellectual property. I agree though, that we have not achieved the appropriate level of balance or representation yet. Perhaps if we could identify the factions than are NOT represented now, we could make some progress.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00115.html 

     It's the status quo we're dissatisfied with. Clearly, some form of constituency system will be required. Just not the current one.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01531.html 

     One alternative I would favor, however, is that we keep the DNSO structure except to permit self-organizing constituencies to be recognized within the DNSO without the gatekeeping "approval" role that the board maintained in reviewing the existing constituencies. Instead, the board could set a couple of objective criteria to ensure that the constituency is representative of some interest, then let the democratic process work itself. Why should so few groups have direct authority to recommend policy to the board anyway?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00122.html 

     I put this one on the table at this point for two reasons. The first reason is because I think there is value in recognizing formal constituencies/communities of interest. Formal constituencies can provide the framework for determining if all interests have been considered in policy decisions. The problems I see with the way they have been implemented are two-fold. A - The current system of creation/recognition is actually top-down, in that any new constituency must be approved by the board, and B - tying constituencies to NC votes means that every change in the constituency structure will require a change in the NC structure, with concomitant struggles over questions of power gain and loss. The second reason is structural. Most of the arguments over constituencies actually have to do with how the NC and BoD members are selected, and don't appear to me to actually be concerned with any of the other, valuable, contributions that formal constituencies can make to the overall functionality of the DNSO. Currently the NC "pie" is cut into pieces by the constituency structure, and most of the arguments and frictions are about how the pie is divided. The question I'm raising is "is the pie necessary at all?" Unless there is a compelling reason for the NC to exist (functions that cannot be performed in other ways), dissolving the NC would redirect focus within the DNSO from arguing over the pie to arguing positions on substantive issues. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00391.html 

     I argue for retention of constituencies. The model of many city - state/provincal - county - national governments is elected representatives, who represent the (majority) will of their constituents. In legislative fora, the senators/representatives/whatever propose policy and laws based on what their supporting constituents want. Many individuals, the vox populi so to speak, are unwilling or incapable of expressing their ideas in public fora. They will, however, express them to their elected representatives in more private circumstances. These mailing lists are dominated by a few people who have the time, the interest, the inclination, and the energy to participate. They (the lists) certainly do not and can not represent a sufficiently broad cross-section of the global Internet community. The constituency system is a viable mechanism for carrying the voices of a large segment of the population who share common interests into a forum where useful work can be done- work such as achieving compromise between diverse special interest groups. I favor the retention of the constituency system, with the proviso that we work to make sure we have enough constituencies to achieve fair and equitable representation of the special interests that exist, now and in the future. I further support the idea that the "output" from the DNSO should be substantive policy guidelines, with sufficient detail, on each issue presented to the ICANN board.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00544.html 

     I don't support complete overturn of the constituency model, but I am open to dialogue about new constituencies if they indeed are able to demonstrate that they can provide an organized and coherent input.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02593.html

METHODOLOGY TO CREATE CONSTITUENCIES

     As a consequence, the creation of constituencies is a creature of the Bylaws, and not something that the DNSO, on its own, can change. You'll see that under Article VI-B, Section 3(a), constituencies are created by a majority vote of the Board of Directors: http://www.icann.org/general/bylaws.htm#VI-B It's also my belief, and I understand that many on the NC share it, that petitions for new constituencies can be made directly to the Board and do not need to go through the Names Council. (I seem to recall Ken Stubbs making this statement in a General Assembly discussion.) Importantly, the Bylaws now provide: "Each Constituency shall self-organize, and shall determine its own criteria for participation...." Under the current Bylaw structure, a recommendation from this WG that new constituencies be created would not be sufficient to actually create them -- the recommendation would have to be accompanied by a petition from one or more self-organized groups, complete with founding members and charters for participation. If there's a better way to create new constituencies, I would certainly expect the Board to look favorably on consensus recommendations from the DNSO about changes to Article VI-B of the ICANN Bylaws (the section devoted to the DNSO). But the language in the ICANN Bylaws is the current method. By the way, I think it would be worth everyone's time to take a quick read of Article VI-B (linked above) to understand what's "hard-wired" into the Bylaws and what's susceptible of change by the NC alone. These distinctions will likely affect the specifics of this WG's report and recommendation. (In other words, some recommendations will require implementation by the Board and some will require implementation by the Names Council.)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00068.html 

     There have been some cases whether or not such petetion can go to the Board directly without NC consulation. If so, what could be a procedure such as through ICANN staff or literally directly, which should be clarified to give guidance to those who want to go to the Board directly.  It would be of help to draw more specific line as much as possible in WG report to avoid any potential confusion among what NC/Board is recommended to do or NC/Board can do and what NC/Board should do and what NC/Board should not do in accomplishing their own tasks.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00075.html 

     As for what the procedure is, the Bylaws only state: Any group of individuals or entities may petition the Board for recognition as a new or separate Constituency. Any such petition will be posted for public comment pursuant to Article III, Section 3. The Board may create new Constituencies in response to such a petition, or on its own motion, if it determines that such action would serve the purposes of the Corporation. There is no single model for what a constituency petition might look like. For examples, constituency proponents would want to view the original constituency proposals (both the successful and the unsuccessful ones) that were considered by the Board in Berlin and Santiago, http://www.icann.org/dnso/constituency_groups.html http://www.icann.org/dnso/noncommpage.htm together with the Board's resolution approving the constituencies http://www.icann.org/minutes/minutes-27may99.htm http://www.icann.org/minutes/minutes-26aug99.htm As to where a new constituency petition should be directed, I'm not aware of any statement of preference from the Board and staff as to how to bring such matters to ICANN's attention. If it were me, I'd send the petition to the CEO and the Chief Policy Officer, with a copy to members of the Board's Executive Committee (http://www.icann.org/committees/executive/). Once submitted, the constituency petition should be posted for public comment, at which time the NC and other DNSO constituencies will have the opportunity to review and comment. That, at least under my reading, is how the process would work under the existing Bylaws.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00077.html 

     If constituencies are the electors for the NC, how should > constituencies be created? Currently, they are by executive fiat (ICANN BoD). There is no other mechanism and the existing one doesn't work. I submit that we, as a collective, do NOT know how to do this and we may never know. I don't think consensus is possible there. I don't believe that any method will be equitable, or even acceptable, to those not constituted.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01449.html 

     I have been working on the method of forming constituencies, and have decided that once the issue of identification is resolved (which in my view are of a technical nature and are better handled by those of you who are technical in nature) we should establish the following simple method of creating constituencies in the future. Upon the submission of 200 verified signatories to a petition to create a new constituency it shall be deemed created. A well publicized and standard form shall be created and its' acceptance universal. Any and all procedures established to accomplish this task will further the goal of liberal creation of constituencies. Of course a simple method of notification and required appropriate response can be established to the dissolution of a constituency if the need and interests so dictate. This would be determined by participation, not official caveat. Over the entire discussions on constituencies I have seen nothing to indicate a rational basis for restricting constituencies. Who can predict what the future will bring us that will need a constituency. (Gambling, games, medicine, children, interspace, addiction, Toll Free, superdomains, dictatorships that deny access to citizens) All of the organizations which host web sites which are antagonistic toward ICANN should have a constituency, if they can garner the support. And from there they should have unfettered rights to gather support within ICANN for their positions. Certainly these are the Stakeholders, and certainly now they disenfranchised and forced outside and this is wrong. While I disagree with many I would be proud to engage them within ICANN. Take the time to look up definitions of constituency. The history of the word is beautiful and tragic. The idea that some poor group is denied representative rights and therefore is not part of the constituency has lead to some of the most abominable sins of mankind. Let us learn from history and be inclusive rather than exclusive/  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02241.html 

CONSTITUENCY CRITERIA  

     In addition, I think there should be a list of objective criteria applied to all constituencies that the DNSO may rely upon to determine whether the constituency is actually representative. This criteria should support the consensus-building goals of the DNSO, which is to make policy recommendations to the BoD. Should we attempt to list these?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00166.html 

     At some level, to demand assurances that an individuals' constituency will "represent that vast interests of individuals" may place on this proposed constituency a burden not imposed on the others. It is hardly clear, for example, that the Business and Commercial constituency represents "the vast interests of businesses," as opposed to the interests of the particular businesses who are most active in that constituency's affairs.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html 

     Objective criteria of representativeness? Representative is a subjective term, and there is no empirical way of determining it, though there are statistical methods for determining if a sample is representative. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00172.html 

     I might suggest that if there is to be an "official" constituency structure that there not only be objective rules of admission but also semi-yearly evaluations that an official constituency continues to meet those rules - else if simply vanishes. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00187.html 

     I amended section II to reflect the fact that there should be some pertinent factor that restricts what groups can obtain membership in the DNSO so that the DNSO can function productively. The objective criteria and the membership ratio may actually impact an existing constituency as well.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00331.html 

.    I think it is important, however, to recommend tothe NC a process by which future consitutencies may be added to the DNSO by reference to some objective criteria. In that manner, the DNSO structure is altered to better reflect the future *possibility* of bottom-up decision-making.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01493.html 

     A.) The constituencies should be as easily established as possible in order to foster the highest degree of representation by various interests. B.) The constitiuencies should be viewed as advocacy groups and not structured so as to obtain votes within their group. All voting should be one person one vote. C.) The constituencies should be facilitated by the larger organization in order to insure inclusion into the larger picture. Permanent liason positions should be established within the organization to help communicate the constituencies positions, and help them fit into the larger picture. D.) Constituencies should be a factor that must be lobbied by the decision makers in order to obtain support for their agendas. Accountablility and ready procedures to rid the organization of decision makers who ignore constituents should be in place to give the constituents effectiveness.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02225.html 

     I have found no specific opposition to the proposition that if there is sufficient demand by participation then any constituency should be allowed to be formed. I believe this to be consistent with the principal of Stakeholder representation. As to integration: The structure is in place simply add them. It would appear that an increase of the numbers of board members elected from the DNSO should be forthcoming.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02251.html 

     The current constituency structure within the DNSO if very rigid and from all appearances, not truly representative. There is continued dissatisfaction within the Internet community for, and a lack of understanding of, the DNSO. The following submission deals with some specific aspects of the constituency structure but is not purported to be a complete solution, only the basis for a possible start in the right directions. Possible Structure ------------------ It is noted the current constituencies within the DNSO have low member numbers. As such, the writer does not see them as being representative. This is one of the first constituency issue that needs to be addressed. Nor are all possible groups accounted for with the current constituency structure. There would appear to be some artificial barriers in place to limit true representation. I propose a reform of the current constituency model to the following: 1.0 The DNSO set a mimimum membership level for any constituency at 500 members. 1.1 For each 100 members within a constituency one representative be elected within the constituency to a Constituency Assembly. 1.2 No one constituency to have more than 10 such elected representatives within the Constituency Assembly. 1.3 Membership to any and all constituencies to be open to individuals that qualify for such membership. Given the understanding effective participation levels will be limited to a few such memberships due to time and resource constraints, this has a natural limiting factor built in. 1.4 Memberships to be confirmed for voting priviliges at the local constituency level and information provided to undergo strict privacy guidelines without any such information being available aside from confirmation of membership. A land postal response to a specified mailing address would seem the simplest to implement, much like the AtLarge induction. 2.0 Name Council Representatives are elected from within the Constituency Assembly, not directly from the Constituencies. This adds another layer to the progression from Constituency to the Names Council. Such a layer would allow for the selection of best candidates for each Names Council position. It would also force more adhesion and association between the different representatives of the Constituencies. It would also allow for truer representation at the Names Council Level as it would directly relate to the membership numbers within the Constituencies. 3.0 If a Constituency gains a membership level of 2000 or over, such Constituency will be split into two seperate and distinct constituencies. Such a split to maintain small conhesive groups that will be possible for the constituencies to manage successfully. It would also allow the new constituency to maintain representation in the Constituency Assembly. This provision allows for growth in participation and representation. 4.0 The DNSO to provide each Constituency with a mimimum Constitution including all mimimal management aspects for a Constituency to manage their affairs. This will allow for uniform miminal constitutions to be adopted by the constituencies. 4.1 The initial application of the proposed constituency to include a complete Constitution for approval by the Constituency Assembly. 4.2 Changes to a Constituency Constitution be permitted only after approval from the Constituency Assembly. 5.0 The initial submission for inclusion as a Constituency involve the Constituency Assembly, this may include the full approval process or be an adjunct to the final approval at a higher level. 6.0 The Constituency Assembly to institute auditing of the Constituencies to confirm membership numbers on a regular basis. 7.0 The number of representatives on the Constitution Assembly to be maintained at the correct ratio to membership numbers at all times. 8.0 If a Constituency membership falls below 500, they will loose recognition of being a Constituency and representation on the Constituency Assembly.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02255.html

     Personally I think that providing any group meets some basic criteria, they should be able to become a Constituency.  I see it as being extremely limiting to only allow specific groups and not considering others.  I would like to see a large number of groups with diverse representations.  I would also see it as an option for new constituencies to be formed by people as they find the current ones do not suit their demographics.  It needs a slight shift in thinking to develop such a system, it would not be the DNSO forming the constituencies but groups of people who share common interests forming their own group and then applying to the DNSO for inclusion.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02569.html

ONE, OR MANY?

    It seems clear that there is widespread - almost consensus - support for us to recommend a constituency of some kind here.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01420.html 

    I certainly agree with you that adding one new constituency to the DNSO is insufficient to make the DNSO more productive and reflective of a democratic process. The individual domain name registrants constituency is only one example of how the DNSO lacks true representation of Internet stakeholders. I think we can agree on modifications that would alter the voting power on the NC, and the problem of multiple memberships in the constituencies. I would hesitate to sign on to an agenda to radically alter the DNSO structure since that is almost certainly the death knell to the influence of the work product from this WG. In other words, we would be wasting our time.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00185.html 

     That's a pretty watered-down way of presenting it, don't you think? Constituencies have been "recommended" for two years, now. What the NC and the Board need is a demand for equal representation in the DNSO for individual domain name holders, end-users, and small businesses, by means of consitutencies for each of these legitimate and obvious stakeholder groups.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01425.html 

     I personally find the GA to be a better way to form the fluid coalition structure that I prefer over the existing pre-ordained "constituency" structure. Moreover, the GA is essentially powerless today. If contituencies remain then I see no alternative to a constituency that for individuals who own domain names. (Similarly, I would see a need for constituencies for community groups, religious organizations, K12 educational bodies, post K12 educational bodies, arts/music organizations, local governments, international organizations, organized labor, small businesses, etc etc.)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00727.html 

     the board approved the constituancy structure and related application and i am certain has heard your arguments on this subject on numerous occasions. i guess the next step you might propose would be for the DNSO to establish anti-constituancies (we could have an anti IP constituancy, anti-business constituancy, anti registrar constituancy, anti-telco & isp, anti govt) what we have here is an IP debate which has been ongoing since the IFWP and certainly isnt going to be solved in this forum.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00499.html 

     The question is, (and I don't know the answer) do the constituencies fairly and adequately represent the interests of all their members? It is true that everybody could fit in to at least one of the constituencies (I think). I wonder if it is possible that only having 7 constituencies is simply too few to be effective representation to the internet public as a whole. Does it makes sense to split them down further so people can find a constit. that more closely matches their needs? (I don't know enough to advocate this as a solution so I am throwing this out as a suggestion for debate.)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01092.html 

     I would much rather see hundreds of constituencies with memberships of less than 1,000 than 6 constituencies with memberships in the tens or hundreds of thousands. The only reason I can see for limiting the number of constituencies (that have valid representative status) would be to limit participation and to allow for greater control by a minority.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01406.html

     At this point in time, however, we are apparently only considering how to scale up representation on the ICANN board from seven categories of interest, or "constituencies" in the ICANN view of that term, to add in a very much larger "constituency" of DNOs. Frankly, if we can just cast our minds forward a few years, don't we risk this being seen as mere tinkering?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01105.html 

     Personally I consider it paramount that the DNSO has a number of different constituencies formed under it to represent the largest possible number of users. I see the constituencies being nodes of the DNSO that would provide feedback, discussion and opinion. The DNSO would assign weighting to each constituency representing the number of users affected, this would determine the voting rights for the constituency. Such a system could absorb any cross membership amongst constituencies. For instance, I am a business owner, run a non-profit organization and am also an independent domain owner/holder. Why should I not have a say in all three constituencies if I desire. The decisions made by them will affect me. The more constituencies formed, covering a wide range of user participation will encourage greater participation by users, the numbers within each constituency would be such that users would not be flooded by participation in mailing lists and working groups. Limiting the number of constituencies will have the effect of creating coke points and limiting true user participation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01392.html 

     However I would suggest that the solution would be to expand the number of constituencies rather than dismantling the model.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02566.html

     The concerns I have about the way the DNSO views constituencies revolve around the management model as it appears to be evolving. It seems to me that the DNSO views constituencies as the only layer that can be established. I see it as only the beginning layer. For instance, I would much rather see a large number of constituencies formed, with criteria on membership numbers to enable voting in the next layer that would be added once the constituency layer filled out and it became necessary. I see the constituency layer as being the bottom layer with successive layers added as the need arises. Each layer with representation from the previous layer until we get to the top layer where interaction with ICANN is established.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01542.html 

     I do support adding more constituencies. In fact the more there are, the happier I will be. They should be the ground swell to fill the ranks for widespread participation. Representatives from them would then enable the establishing of another layer and so forth. This will provide a good management model that will be must easier to maintain and would provide for greater outcomes.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01542.html 

     Assuming working within existing structure (AWWES) At this point I would like to understand the pros and cons of having as many constituencies as is reasonable. I suggest that a very standard and easy (6) procedure be developed to allow these groups to form. I believe this will lead to the following interlocking goals being fulfilled: i) Bottoms up approach ii) within each constitiuency a likely consensus can be arrived at. iii) position papers can be supplied to the (3) general assembly and (4) names council to help assure that; iiii) Stakeholders views are represented and considered iiiii) It can help (5) Work groups identify and focus on issues and positions important to various constitiuencies. iiiiii) We can recognize where a stated position is really coming from, for thos of us less used to political manuvering.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01735.html 

     I hope that we can add value to this constituency report by exploring the method of establishing more constituencies in the future. I want this report to stand alone and only wish it had stronger language, so I address this issue through the above categories. A) By breaking down the membership into finer tuned constituencies we can better facilitate working groups within those subject. B) By establishing a strong standardized procedure for admitting or discharging a constituency we can adapt with the times and areas of highest concern and interest. C) By allowing for constituencies that can target a narrower interest we can create a more effective outreach in specific areas.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01829.html 

     Looking again at the organizational chart I think several more constituencies would not hurt at all. Once again this could be done simply by creating interest blocks in the GA and increasing the percentage of directors flowing therefrom.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01882.html 

     True, I did not address the current existing Constituencies. Personally I would like to see them remain with the provision they would have twelve months to reach the required numbers. But as I have previously stated, the numbers used are not firm, they are included for the purpose of reaching agreement through discussion. It is not my intention to promote a decrease in the number of Constituencies. Rather, I wish to see a large number of them introduced. Personally I would like to see an IDNH/O and other Constituencies for such groups as Network Managers, Web Masters, ccTLD Users, Specific Language Groups etc etc. I would like to see much higher participation rates.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02304.html

PROPOSAL FOR AN INDIVIDUAL'S CONSTITUENCY

     The WG Review has reached a consensus that a new Constituency be added to represent Individual Domain Name Registrants. This WG is not going to address how to implement this new Constituency, nor is it going to propose what group should represent them or how it is to be formed. We only present that one should be formed or selected within six months. We ask that this process be expedited in this way because we believe it to be an oversight not to have included them in the process to begin with. We further hope that you would put this matter on the agenda as a top priority and seek public comment on how this constituency shall be formed and how it will contribute to the ICANN Budget. There has been suggestions that an amount come directly from the registration of domain names proportionate to the share of expenses this new constituency must pay.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01093.html 

     I have been watching carefully and so far I have not seen a single person oppose the principle that the DNSO should have an IDNH constituency. In fact to my great pleasure several members of the Names Council have explicitly posted in favour of this.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00770.html 

     Should there be a constituency for individuals? Of the 31 respondents, 29 answered "yes". In a similar poll run in the more secure polling booth, 37 of 40 respondents answered affirmitavely. Due to the volume of material presented on this issue, it was requested and approved as it's own topic in the report format by the WG.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01522.html 

     Motion   "The WG Review has reached a near consensus that a new Constituency be added to represent Individual Domain Name Registrants. This WG has not addressed the matter of how to implement this new Constituency, neither has it proposed what group should represent them, nor how it is to be formed. We only present that one should be formed or selected within six months.   We specifically propose a dedicated working group be set up to come up with specific proposals and options on the structure and functioning of the constituency.  We ask that this process be expedited in this way because we believe it to be an oversight not to have included them in the process from the beginning. Furthermore, we hope this matter would be put  on the agenda as a top priority and that public comment will be sought on how this constituency shall be formed.   How an individual domain name registrants constituency shall contribute to the funding of ICANN and the DNSO needs to be examined by the dedicated working group. There is a view that such registrants already indirectly fund ICANN and DNSO through their domain name fees which largely fund the Registrar, Registry and ccTLD constituencies and this should be evaluated and negotiated with those constituencies." Statement  The @large is 1. a disorganized group of all Internet users' diverse interests.  2. without Charter or Mission statement 3. without means of the members to contact each other 4. subject to a Study that may reduce its representation on the Board or do away with it altogether 5. represented by Directors that may be representing interests directly opposed to typical DN holders' interests. 6. top-down and controlled by ICANN staff.  7. Unable to provide policy formulations to the ICANN Board An Individual Domain Name Owners constituency is: 1. formed naturally by people with a common interest-- bottom up and in control of its own Charter and destiny 2. part of the DNSO where Domain Name Policy initiatives are developed 3. a place where any Domain Name Owner gets a chance to be part of the policymaking process, (and get the results to the attention of the Board) via its own elected officers 4. a counterweight in the DNSO, giving it an opportunity to be considerably more legitimate than it is now. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01435.html

    While I support the idea of an Individual Domain Name Holder constituency, I do not agree with the use of wg-review forum/list to get into the details of how it might be organized, or any other level of granularity on the subject.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00218.html 

     This working groups' product was never intended in any way to allow interpretation of its' mandate to mean dilution of representation of Individual domain name owner/holders. It is the clear mandate, that within the existing structure, Individual Domain Name Holder/Owners are to be given a much larger role in all facets of ICANN.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02235.html
 
     What we are concentrating on is gaining consensus support for the principle that individual domain name holders are very much a legitimate stake holder who should have representation through a constituency. Once we have achieved that then one can look at how best to structure it so that it is difficult to capture - the best way of course being a high membership.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01187.html 

     1. there is a consensus on the need to see the individual domain name holdeship specifically considered at the same level as other large groups of domain names registrants, registrars and registries forming the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01566.html 

     Among the questions referred to this WG by the task force is the question: Should there be a constituency for individuals? Of the 31 respondents, 29 answered "yes". In a similar poll run in the more secure polling booth, 37 of 40 respondents answered affirmitavely. Due to the volume of material presented on this issue, it was requested and approved as it's own topic in the report format by the WG.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01825.html 

    Ok, the idea of constituencies that don't go farther than an individual corporate group, not so hot, but to get targeted individual domain name holders constituencies in the manner of the commercial targeted constituencies might have some value, if it can be clearly defined.--  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00063.html 

      [IDNH] individual domain holder constituency, Report requested by WG-Review Members It has been first seconded  ("I would also second the proposal to form a sub-working group for an IDNH constituency and would very much like to be involved in that. I imagine this would be handled through this distribution list by adding a separate numbered 11 category heading").. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00169.html 

     Should there be a constituency for individuals? yes (15 yes, 1 no, 1 no answer) http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00174.html 

     Since support for the proposal seems to exist, and, since the statement indicates no faith in the administration of the "At Large" thingy, why not propose, or, move for, the creation of a constituency for individuals, if not one for individuals all inclusive, and, not requiring the criterion of owning/holding a domain name, instead of the individual name owners' constituency, then, a separate,and, additional constituency, of individuals who do not have domain names, with that constituency having equal say with all the other constituencies? People who lack domain names, are still affected (as I was), by the policies, and, all who support the above proposal, in its entirety, are (I believe) agreeing that individuals who do not have domain names, while they have a legitimate interest, are, at present, unrepresented.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01362.html

     No, I'm not a member of any constituency at the moment. That's by choice - there are several I could qualify for without contortions. At the moment, I've chosen to remain an unaffiliated GA member until an individual's constituency is created.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00476.html 

     However, as the writer, there was certainly no intention on my part to imply "constituency" as being a formal constituency within the existing DNSO structure and this proposal, which has now apparently been sidelined to such a fate by what would appear to be unilateral decision making process, was always intended to work equally well in an alternative structure, should it be decided to abolish DNSO constituencies in due course. It was precisely for this reason I initiated a strawpoll of members, asking the following question: "Do you support representation for individuals in DNSO along the lines of a new "constituency " ? . 15 members voted yes by email to the list.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01536.html 

     There are stakeholders who are not yet included; namely, >individual domain name registrants. 10. Should there be a constituency for individuals? yes - 15 no - 1 no answer - 1 Surprise! There seems to be near-consensus on that. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00172.html 

     IDNO a constituency group of owners of names or color of title or authority. Original membership in these groups should be very open and the goal of determining proper filtering and identification to be accomplished within 6 months using a uniform method applying the differing criteria. The first tasks of these groups other than as outlined above shall be the defining of essential terms, words and expressions. This shall be accomplished by open work groups within each group. Each group to issue a final report to their chairman, by no later than July 1, 2001 The three chairman and three alternates to provide reasonable definitions to be voted on by all three groups members as a whole and adopted and published, No later than October 1, 2001. The Second to put in place the method of establishing evolving constituencies. (we have changed the term fluid to evolving, as some will become extinct) The Names Council shall be reconfigured to have one council member per constituency. Constituencies to be formed on a liberal basis in a format in align with that submitted by ... (final form to be determined by internal procedures and voting in the GA & ALM )* The GA shall have three members on the names council. The names council shall have it's Chair and Co-Chair elected by the Constituencies and the GA as a Whole.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02649.html

     The fundamental issue is whether or not individuals need representation in DNSO. If we believe that it is, the bottom line is that we have to demonstrate some progress is being made towards that end, whatever that may be, however imperfect that may be, as fulfilling one of the duties of this WG.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01057.html

     The IDNH DNSO Constituency is sometimes perceived as the panacea to the AtLarge and DNSO problems - I do not believe it shall be, as the consumer Internet perspective on ICANN is much larger than the domain names only. But there are some issues focusing on the domain names itself, and therefore I am in favor of the IDNH constituency under some conditions. I wish it to be an association of many associations of individuals.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00720.html 

     There is no objection to the formation of a IDNH constituency. Also that that constituency should have representation on the BoD. Also that a reliable method must be formulated which will assure that the constituency be inclusive enough to include holders, would be holders and basically anyone who is interested enough to register. Furthermore it must be decided how much representation is afforded this constituency and if it should be viewed as an additional source of revenue.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00528.html 

     i will say it again... frankly, i feel that an individual constituancy is a good idea and have expressed that opinion on numerous occasions. i only am concerned that the constituancy is "inclusive enough" and have viewed over the last 18 months a continual strife in the ga to accomplish this "inclusiveness" goal. as you are aware, i have no vote in the acceptance of any constituancy application (as this is presented directly to the board) but i would be happy to personally endorse an application which is "inclusive"  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00512.html 

     1) I am in favour of the creation of an individual domain name registrant's constituency. The polling booth insists that I have to take a position on whether I am in favour of them being holders or owners, something I think is irrelevant at this juncture.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00860.html 

     b) "IDNH constituency membership is open to any group of individual domain >name holders" I have almost no time to go into option (b), but this option has recently been debated on idno-discuss. To have another constituency like the NCDNHC, made up of "groups"(organizations?) would introduce all the problems associated with weighing voting power of unequal groups, checking membership numbers of each group, people playing different groups off against each other, groups made up of hundreds of IP lawyers, ISP's or registrars with their individual Domains, in short a BAD idea, compared to having an undivided constituency where each individual DN holder has a single vote and all are equal. A better approach to channel inevitable infighting and personality issues is allowing the natural formation of "parties"or "factions" within a single Constituency of individuals.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00801.html 

     I would simply say either a) "IDNH constituency membership is open to any person who is an individual domain name holder" or b) "IDNH constituency membership is open to any group of individual domain name holders" This is dependant upon the outcome of the first item on the 11.IDNH task list posted at http://www.idnh.org Whatever the outcome it will be necessary to obtain a formal technical and legal definition for "individual", "holder" and possibly "group". ( "domain name" is already on the agenda).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00750.html 

     As many posts to this list have indicated, Individuals are a special case, and I think it is particularly important to express the WG's consensus in our report to the NC that an individual domain name constituency be included in the DNSO (I am assuming that this is a consensus position of this WG).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01199.html 

     I also strongly support a constituency for individuals and have been pleased to see that so far there has been a very high level of support. While there are many issues to do with implementation and structure to work through I believe it could be useful at an early stage to test in this WG the level of support for the principle that individual domain name holders are a legitimate stakeholder in ICANN/DNSO and that if a constituency structure is to remain, that there should be one to represent domain name holders. I personally can not imagine how one could argue that domain name holders are not a group deserving representation. One can argue about how will they fund, what level of membership there should be to be viable etc but I believe it will be useful and important for the QG to deal with the principle in a timely manner. If we have clear consensus on that point then we can more usefully advance the debate about the "how" rather than the "why".  I have no doubt that once there is a constituency (or representation of some sort) for domain name holders then participation will increase from its current woeful level. Note that the constituency need not be a single organisation but one may find a couple of dozen domain name holder organisations come into existence and the constituency will be a balanced (presumably on membership strength) representation of the multiple organisations. This opens up a few worms though which are probably best left until we get past whether we support the principle of representation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00148.html 

     So far I have not seen anyone at all state they are against the principle of an IDNH constituency and in fact many people now including yourself have said they are in favour. Therefore are we as a Working Group in a position to state that (for as long as there is a constituency structure) we believe the DNSO will be enhanced by the addition of an IDNH constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00520.html 

     It's very clear they support the Corporate interests only and individual domain name holders should have an equal constituency to all of the others combined. By that I include individuals from all countries. The individual is as important as the organized coalitions that now have power. That should be recognized by anyone.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00215.html 

     Over the past eighteen months, advocates of an individual domain name owners' constituency have sought to press their case to the Names Council and to the ICANN board. They have failed so far, notwithstanding that the General Assembly has twice endorsed the formation of a working group to examine the constituency. There are two reasons behind this failure. First, absent enthusiasm for the proposal from major industry players, the Board and the Names Council have felt no special urgency to move forward. Indeed, it runs counter to the interests of current Names Council members to dilute their influence by agreeing to the formation of additional constituencies. Second, individual domain name holders, each of whom has only diffuse interests in Internet governance, have little incentive to join or organize a constituency-in-formation, and therefore group proponents have not succeeded in organizing individual domain name holders into any broad-based and representative group onto which the mantle of "constituency" could fall. Absent effective representation for individuals, though, together with other measures to reduce the current Names Council skew in favor of organized commercial interests, it is hard to argue that the DNSO policy making process represents the domain name community in any meaningful way.  There should be a constituency for individuals.http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00055.html 

     Yes, individual domain name holders represent a large portion of the DNS and should have their own constituency. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00054.html  

We have not put the constituency model through it's full paces. We need a balanced way to get valid constituencies in place by self organization where possible. Where not practical, then the model we have initiated in our proposed pre-organized skeleton for an individual domain name holders/owners constituency to be put in place if there is a true call for it in fact, not just in the ideal of those of us putting it forward.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02605.html

     There are intrinsic difficulties with any constituency that allows direct membership of individuals, and that is supposed to be representative of individuals -- there are millions of individuals. The business, IPC, and NCC constituencies have organizational members, and some of those organizations have memberships in the thousands. Thus, these other constituencies indirectly represent many thousands of members.  I don't see any easy way to address this disparity. This is an intrinsic problem, a conflict between indirect representation in some areas and direct representation in others.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00056.html 

     How to represent the IDNHolders if there is no constituency structure? Total number of voters: 19 not at all 3 15.7895% other: please specify 9 47.3684% turn the GA into an electoral college 7 36.8421% Comments: · Depends 100% on structure chosen to replace constituencies · This question is invalid without knowing what possible structures may replace the current model. I prefer a model with small groups, larger in number at the bottom level that report up and are represented in higher levels. · through self defined Centers of Interest, SIG, etc.. with NC representation if approved/yearly confirmed bythe GA · I have requested, on the mailing list, clarification of the relationship between the constituencies and the Names Council, and, none has been forthcoming. I am unable to make an informed vote. · Please refer to my previous comments. · Let the NC stand for election before members of the ICANN@LARGE. Let the Commercial Interests, other stakeholder groups, and individuals finance the campaigns. An eletoral college approach based on ICANN regions, not constituencies, is preferred. · Premature question. WG should first review various models. · This is a premature question. If we reatin the C structure, then a should be WG established to tackle this question. · I won't lend my support to any thought that there may be some lesser acceptable alternative to a fully empowered IDNH constituency (short of elminating constituencies altogether)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01766.html 

     Yes, and as ISOC members, if we don't like what our representatives are doing, we have a process by which they can be removed. The 100000 individuals supposedly "represented" by a single idno member have no such process; the members of idno are not accountable to the larger potential membership, and have no claim as "representatives". This is not the case in other constituencies, where there is an actual delegation of authority, however informal, from organizations with a much larger membership.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00134.html 

     This is a first list of questions, please add/comment on the relevance. At this stage we do not look for debate. The plan is to listi these questions for further reference on the temporay http://idnh.org site by tomorrow (this temporary site should become http://idnh.dnso.org as soon as the constituency process progresses). - should the DNSO/IDNH be a direct GA of individual domain name holders (with potentially millions of Members)? or should it be an union of services, associations, etc.. of individual domain name holders on a model similar to the DNSO/BC? Or should it be organized in cooperation with local NICs or TLDs as TLD/national chapters? or other formulas? - would it be appropriate to set up a temporary action team for this subject list with the Members of this WG-Review who seconded this motion? - would there be exsiting organizations interested in IDNH issues which could be provided a link on the temporary http://idnh.org site ? - what are the priorities of DNSO/IDNH Members in term of domain name management, allocation stability and legal protection: - in reference to ICANN - in reference to UDRPs - in reference to Registries and ccTLDs - in reference to Registras - in reference to national laws to be proposes - in reference to which other topics? - would it be a priroity to request a formal technical and legal definition of what is a domain name in order to know what we are talking about in contracts, laws, rules, UDRP, IP, copyrights, freespeach, etc... - would it be advisable to consider this subject list as the kernel of an IDNH constituency? and to report it as such to the BoD, the Staff and the NC? - would it be of interest to have this individual domain name holders subject list to work together/in synergy with the future @large Study Group to better define the common interest issues (DNSO) and the protection of the individual business interest (@large). - would it be of interest to request from BoD and Staff to organize a constitution meeting of the DNSO/IDNH constituency in Melbourne? - would it be of interest to request from the Staff the creation of a idnh.dnso.org mailing list to better prepare such a meeting? - evolution of the DNS system is made through the CRADA agreement and the root development through the SSRAC. Would it be of interest to ask the responsibles of these programs to dialog with the individual domain name holders for them to better understand the business opportunities which may come from novative uses of the DNS system. - would it be of interest to initiate a similar dialog with the different groups and interests involved in multilingual domain names? In particular would be intersting to investigate a common study with the MINC which mainly focus on muli-lingual domain name issues, in particular in he area of the application of TM protection to foreign languages and sounds? - would it be opportune for an individual domain name owner constituency to ask for a financial contrinbution? Would some organizations want to sponsor such a constituency? Under which terms?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00176.html 

     I can't believe this argument exists. Who on earth really cares what the name is, IDNH or IDNO, or DONUT? Why does it make a difference?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01144.html 

     I would agree with you if : 1. the IDNH issue had been not consistently delayed (the WG has been partly set up to address the problem that this consistuency has not been organied) and therefore I take it as an identified part of the constituency general problem to solve. 2. the fact that the DSNO has hosted @large interest and must disengage  makes the IDNH - as a separate entity form the IDNO - a structural aspect. We cannot talk about a DNSO reform without caring about the way 20 or 100 millions of Members will be integrated. 3. Due to the size and the commonly agreed need of the IDNH we have a good example whihc permits us to see the difficulty/the complexity of creating a center of interest  while having it formalized as you request. We have to produce a documented response. I think that IHDN (size) and (STLD because of the easy identifaction of the Members) are good examples for us to observe and report. 4. I would also like to show, through some new examples - so there is not yet any historic - that center of interests must dialog together. And that IDNH interests cover issues of interest to all or cross interests like UDRPs with TMs, member names with sTLDs etc... This is on my opinioin one of the reason of the DNSO failure: the lack of internal relations. I am surprised as a DNSO/BC member at the absence of any information, any discussion ... Now I fully agree that we should not go to a detailed approach and that this should be reserved to a separate subWG list. This is what I asked for initially and what will be partly carried de facto withthe site we will open these days. But my initial motion has been seconded by several members and supported by others with the provision it would be a subject on YJ Park's list. In summarizing the points risen by several to comply with the WG-Review standard, I asked for additional questions, not for responses nor debate. I will certainly collect these responses but they were not expected. After all the WG-Review members decide (this is also what we want). Now, your personnal position as a NIC very near from your users might be a source of some DNSO/IDNH related action points of interest for the NC and the BoD?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00227.html 

     There should be a constituency for individuals. So far, relatively few individuals have participated in the proposed IDNO. An important reason why participation has been so low, however, is that so far it has had no payoff. Individuals do not have constituency status, and a detached observer might be forgiven for concluding that it is unlikely that the Names Council and the Board will grant them that status. Energy expended on participation at this juncture, therefore, is likely to be in vain. By contrast, if such a constituency were in fact created, with the ability to elect and instruct Names Council representatives, I would expect participation to be much more extensive and more broadly based.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01333.html

     I imagine a summary of opposing positions would be included in the report with respect to possible IDNH constituency formulation (whether this is to fit into existing constituency structure or yet to be formulated new structure.)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00224.html 

     The early members of the IDNO have discussed this membership issue at length on the idno-discuss list and have come up with the membership criterium of "color of title" to a Domain name. (roughly: if an Individual has the power to cancel the Dname, (s)he has colour of title) Not to re-invent the wheel all over, please refer to www.idno.org/organiz.htm Art 4.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00635.html 

     Title refers to Ownership to most who read it as does IDNO. Doesn't the O represent the word Owner as well. The reason holder is better is that domain names are not property anymore than a telephone number. This is also why Trademarks should not apply to them. They are not equivalent to property, nor are they equal to filing a DBA or Assumed Name to do business under. If we fought to make Domain Nams Holders to be Owners then the Trademark issues might be considered valid. As it stands now, Trademarks should not apply to them. Ever known anyone to get sued for their phone number because on the keypad it spelled someone's company name? I don't know of one instance. So personally I am the Holder of my domain names. No title. No ownership. It's simply the letters designated to represent the numbers to get you to my website. Nothing more nothing less. Therefore (Off Topic) There is no place for a TM Constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00696.html 

     d) New Constituency The most visible and audible demand from Review WG apart from "Drop the Constituencies" is to recognize "Individual Domain Name Holders/Owners" in the Internet Policy-making process since its beginning. There have been counter- argument that individuals can be represented through At-Large which will result in duplicated representation in the ICANN. However, this following comment on this issue has some valid points, too. "If the logic that is being used to block the individual domain name holders constituency were applied to the other constituencies they too would have to be dissolved because they are, under the rubric of that logic, represented via the at-large." In addition to such requests, from its early stage WG members and the current WG D Chair together, discussed the formal procedure to set up new constituencies. Here is a proposal to add new constituencies with formality. [Appendix 6]  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01332.html 

     All right, there appears to be very valid reasons why we should not create a new constituency. It would appear that rather than a constituency, IDNH should just naturally occur within the GA. However if a constituency is required simply for the purpose of shifting the power base from controlling business interests to where it more correctly belongs, with the users, then perhaps it is a necessary step.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01911.html 

     >If the word Holder is a prerequisite for being acceptable by the NC, then >let's hear that from the NC members, who are on the Task Force and present here. I don't think it is a huge issue and certainly support the concept of an individuals' constituency regardless of what it is called.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01127.html 

Proposal for Criteria for Membership of DNSO/IDNH ( Basic Model a - a direct GA of individual domain name holders )
1.1.IDNH constituency membership is open to any person who is an individual domain name holder
1.1 An Individual Domain Name Holder is any person who can demonstrate a level of control over a specified domain name that a reasonable person would conclude grants the individual person the exclusive legal right to exploit the specified domain name worldwide subject to applicable laws.
1.2 Examples of items that may be submitted in support of an application include but are not limited to
(i) evidence of applicants name on domain contact information
(ii) evidence of applicant's funds used to pay registration fees, if any
(iii) evidence that the applicant may cause the domain name to be relinquished
(iv) evidence that the applicant is the beneficial holder of any domain name that is registered or operated by a third party
(v) Where the applicant does not hold direct control over the domain name, written evidence must be provided that the controlling party is acting on instructions of the beneficial holder and that such instructions may be withdrawn at the applicants sole discretion.
ADDITIONAL RULES
1.3 An individual shall not be entitled to more than one membership of IDNH
 1.4 Where there is more than one holder of a single domain, that domain would not meet criteria for membership.
1.5 No single domain name may be used to support membership of more than one individual.
1.6 The domain name used to meet criteria for membership shall not be a top level domain name or a reserved second level Domain name in registries where this level is not open for individual registration.
1.7. Membership is subject to approval by the Committee
            (i) The Committee shall be elected by the membership of the IDNH
           (ii) Such committee shall examine the totality of the facts. 
            (iii) Decisions of the committee are final.
            (iv) The membership committee shall have three members.
1.9 A person who is a member of another DNSO constituency shall not be eligible for full membership of IDNH, but may be invited to contribute to from time to time as guest, advisor or consultant.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00819.html 
     1) I don't think the other model will work well when membership grows from say 150 to let's say 3,000 or so. Can you imagine what the members discussion list will be like - impossible to manage. 2) If the constituency basically consists of direct memberships you face the possibility of tyranny of the majority in that if 51% support one position then there is no representation at all for the minority 49%. 3) Not all individual domain name holders will have similar beliefs and interest and rather than try and force them all together in the constituency I believe you will get more people involved by allowing people to all form their own association and have the constituency consist of a council of representatives from them, proportional to the membership of each. You could well get country based assns, regional based assns, policy based assns and people will join the one they support.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00843.html

     It's up to them to choose who or what group should represent Individual Domain Name Holders. It's up to us to make sure our recommendation is that they do select SOMEONE for this so an IDNH Constituency will happen.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01053.html 

     Members will naturally self-organize into groups once the list becomes unmanageable under the opposing model a. Under this model, (model b) you are imposing a barrier to entry in that Individuals would have to join yet another group/ association before membership of IDNH was allowed. I don't support this "top down" model for that reason. I agree with 100% this needs further discussion after the consituency is in place, but first we need to agree there is to be IDNH constituency (did we do that by formality yet?), who is eligible to join (the other thread on this topic) and what is their purpose in life and how it will be accomplished, otherwise we have an empty vessel. For now, can we agree something on the two basic models goes into the wg-report and ask  to add the two opposing viewpoints  to the idho.org repository for centers of interest, or what is your suggestion?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00899.html 

     I vote YES for establishment of IDNH  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01163.html 

     This is not the WG for registries or just DNS operators. Its the WG to set up an individuals constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01748.html 

     Some may argue that the DNSO should have no say in the structure in that it is up to constituencies to totally self organise and petition the Board. I believe a case can be made that an individuals' constituency is somewhat unique as oppossed to others which have considerable more resources through existing businesses and organisations participating in them. Therefore I think there is a good case for a DNSO WG to work and propose a structure which will be able to gain widespread support.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01126.html 

     Do you favor the admission to the DNSO of an Individual DN holder's constituency Total number of voters: 32 Favour such a constituency 30 votes 93.75% (distinction IDNO/IDNH ignored) Against such a Constituency 2 votes 6.25 %  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01312.html 

     I strongly agee with allowing factions or parties to form naturally around principles and personalities. For model B. someone (the NC?) would still have to create an entire constituency charter, specifically dealing with an organization composed of multiple organizations. This is far from a trivial exercise. Each of these organizations would have to have charters as well, to be created from scratch and to be approved by the . Looking at the time it took the NCDNHC to agree on their charter, you are talking about at least a year to accomplish that. A giant step back from what we have now. For what?? As of now, we have already a charter that has been much discussed (fought over) and ratified by a large number of typical Individual DN owners. The membership criteria distilled from the IDNO site are workable. Charter modifications have a straightforward procedure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00927.html 

     If there is an opposing viewpoint when discussed, I agree that both opinions, whether in majority or minority, be presented. However I urge all Members of this list that are for creating the IDNH to present a united front on the issue and leave the details to be discussed within the IDNH as an internal matter, after it has approval.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00968.html 

     In favour of an IDNH constituency? Total number of voters: 22 NO 4 18.1818% YES 18 81.8182% Comments: · I would like to see many more constituencies added. · OK for IDNH, not for constituency · I want a question also put; "If the constituency structure is retained, do you support the addition of a constituency for individuals who do not have domain names?". · Under this senario, I would also favor the addition of a constituency for individuals (people) · THIS IS IMPERATIVE FOR LIGITIMACY IF WE ARE TO KEEP THE STRUCTURE  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01765.html 

     Creating a DNSO/IDNO constituency is so difficult a task and opposed by so many interests.  But it will never happen, however half the people on this WG-Review have been a Member of  IDNO and three candidates out of three belong to it (the forth is not a Member most probably because he also did not know it by then, but learns fast!). But there will never be a DNSO/IDNO because - the DNSO is to resume its SO role and the objective of the IDNO are much broader as a management tool. But beware It will be a key component of the @large system if its Members understand it properly (if the IDNO plays its part correctly it could very well eventually be the real owner of the ICANN, from the French Minitel experience we had both in France and in the US). - the DNSO constituency system is obsolete and will disapear as soon as a certain number of constituencies understand what @large is about and other may take their role if they do not reorganise quick. - the IDNH is only a center of interests, a subject for people to work together on individual domain name holding related general problems. Its role is to uncover the underlaying consensa on the matter and to document them to the benefit of the community and of the BoD; and then to derive, from the expertise of all those who want to participate, advises concerning the way to apply changes, new possibilities, legal options, etc.. at it is the role of an SO. Please consult the bylaws. All is in there. IDNH is for lawyers, engineers, representatives from IDNO like organization with a strong training in Internet issues. It has no Members, but Participants keeping contibuting through published and maintained position statements until a consensus has been acknowledged by everyone. It is some place to work seriously, competently among representive by qualification. This is the same for the other DNSO/GA/CI resulting form this WG-Review about DN, TLD, Consensus digging tools and methods.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00981.html 

     All right, there appears to be very valid reasons why we should not create a new constituency. It would appear that rather than a constituency, IDNH should just naturally occur within the GA. However if a constituency is required simply for the purpose of shifting the power base from controlling business interests to where it more correctly belongs, with the users, then perhaps it is a necessary step.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00993.html 

     I support the IDNH concept, period. This IDNO stuff is new, and diverts energy from your original concept.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01018.html 

     What about constituencies being "self forming" ? There are over 200 members of the IDNO, and even allowing that only 60 odd are active on the list (rumors of its demise greatly exaggerated), it is at least already in existence as a group of people. Perhaps more should be made aware of it? Certainly there are many people within that would be keen to follow any structuring advice that would give it a better voice/recognition. The IDNO, like any other group especially diverse individuals has its moments of chaos but it is better to self form and get recognition than to be mandated into existence, because its embarrassing that one has not been recognized yet!  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02808.html

     Setting up a dedicated WG for discussing structure and functioning of an IDNH constituency? Total number of voters: 22 Don’t support 2 9.0909% Other (please use comment line) 5 22.7273% Support 15 68.1818% Comments: · this WG , if it adopts a Charter would actually become the constituency itself · I would like to see working groups for not only this but to look at the structure and implementation of all the constituencies. · do not support constituency structure - but will go along grudgingly with an individuals constituency in absence of eliminating the constituencies altogether. · support once removed the insults to the @large · stop delaying · The @Large, as a registry and un-organized voter pool is of value in it's own right. I have no problem with the status quo reflected in points 1 2 & 3 under @Large heading, provided that @Large votes impact may ICANN substantively. · Simply instruct the NC to tell the Board to create a constituency for Individuals - a working group on the subject will just end up being another morass and add more delay. · STRONGLY SUPPORT AND URGE IMMEDIATE ACTION  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01764.html 

     I agree here that the nature of such a constituency will be a special case and need more than just saying "Guys go form an international individuals constituency which will make everyone happy and then submit it to us". I'm not sure I would say the organisation has to be top down but more a collective effort between ICANN/DNSO and those interested in getting such a constituency established.   http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01646.html 

     But let's keep the topic of naming the Constituency that we all (bar one, so far) want to a discussion and consensus within the Constituency. A Constituency must define itself. If the word Holder is a prerequisite for being acceptable by the NC, then let's hear that from the NC members, who are on the Task Force and present here.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01066.html 

     > I understand that there was dissent amongst the NC representatives from the > other constituencies about whether or not this review should even include GA > and @Large members and there is certainly no guarantees being given that > such outreach will happen again with frequency, if ever. So the answer is > no, at this moment in time, you, as an individual, do not have a right to > any representation, sorry. > > That is exactly why some of us here are fighting so passionately to reach > consensus on the IDNH constituency issue and at personal expense I may add.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01112.html 

THE ISSUE OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S CONSTITUENCY AND "GAPS" 

     Most people want clear choices laid out before them and imho there is nothing wrong with the suggestion to identify factions that are not currently represented, as a practical approach to solving present difficulties and filling some, if not all of the most obvious gaps (such as STLD and IDNH ). Added to that, there may be infinite initiatives presented directly to the BoD, but I suggest that at least a significant minority will never be able to create the opportunity for themselves, however willing they may be.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00121.html

     On the contrary, I believe your view may be the unrealistic one. I have to agree  that the potential for infinite constiuencies exists as a quagmire, and should be avoided. As you said below, there are "obvious gaps" that can be addressed. Most of these have been *identified* already. I believe it is imperative now to fill these "obvious gaps", not identify new constituencies.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00123.html 

     I wish to raise the issue of "partitioning" of interests. The existing constituencies barely overlap, but I am concerned that the proposed IDNHC must be seen as occupying a distinct place between the NCDNHC and IPC.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00363.html 

OPPOSITION TO INDIVIDUAL'S CONSTITUENCY

     One of the real concerns here is that you explicitly don't want to create a constituency that consists of a small group people who care deeply about some issue, because that is intrinsically unbalanced. An organization with 35 million members is certainly going to give a more balanced view of things than an organization with 200 members all of whom are very concerned about some single set of issues. To put it in a blunt, concrete example, the ICC is going to give a far, far more representative and balanced view of the interests of small business than a constituency composed entirely of individuals who lost a UDRP action, domain speculators and cybersquatters, and alternate root afficianodos. One of the major concerns of those opposed to an individuals constituency, in any form, is that it would be a magnet for angry individuals with "axes to grind". The vast majority of people don't have axes to grind, and don't have time participate, so the angry ones will take over the constituency. But angry individuals with axes to grind are not representative of individuals in general. This is not just theory, of course -- to date this has been observed in every single attempt to organize an individuals constituency. I think it is this phenomenon, incidentally, which led to the board's cooling toward  IDNO -- initially there was support on the board, but that evaporated when it became clear that the IDNO was a code name for the "anti-ICANN" constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01161.html 

MORE OPPOSITION:  THE @LARGE IS AN INDIVIDUAL'S CONSTITUENCY
 
     There IS a constituency for individuals- it is the At-Large! and it now holds 5 seats on the ICANN Board.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00366.html
 
     There IS a constituency for individuals- > > it is the At-Large! Which the BoD has tried to eliminate > > and it now holds 5 seats on the ICANN Board. Which may not matter after the "Study" of the At-Large, which study may include disolution or other removal of the At-Large-Memebership as a factor in ICANN.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00378.html 
      
@LARGE AS CONSTITUENCY - REBUTTAL

     Please describe the mechanism by which the @large "constituency" participates in the DNSO's origination of domain name policy.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00370.html
 
     I find no reference at all to the DNSO at that page. Nor have I ever heard a suggestion that the @large will participate in developing domain name policy with the DNSO. I think you are a little confused. In point of fact, the @large membership has no brief to initiate policy in ICANN, and will probably cease to exist as soon as the Board's "At-large Review Committee" has finished its machiavellian chores.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00377.html 

     Please, please, please, let review the icann.org site for: 1. White Paper 2. MoU 3. By laws 4. @large Members pages 5. Staff Document on @large Study 6. Decisions by BoD, Santiago, Cairo, Yokohama, MDR, .... 7. different letters by Barabra Simons, Thomas Roessler, Hans Klein, Jefsey Morfin, etc... 8. http://icann-fra.org etc... etc... etc... @large is everything BUT an DNSO constituency!  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00387.html 

      The At-large membership is not a part of the DNSO policy-making process. Although there are At-large Board members, at-large members have no representation on the Names Council, without which they cannot participate in passing proposals to the Board.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00471.html 

     At large is one thing. A constituency of individuals who own domain names for personal rather than commercial or non-profit use is another. Saying an "individual constituency" exists when those domain name holders have no representation in the DNSO is a mistake, regardless of at large. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01250.html 

     However the at large membership is not a constituency. It has no methods by which to communicate with each other, it is not consulted on specific issues - all it does is elect five Board Members. Now while this is very important it is not the same as being represented in the DNSO as a constituency where in theory DNS policy is meant to originate from.  I believe it is entirely reasonable to want both an at large membership which elects 9 of the 19 Board places and an IDNHC constituency within the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01269.html 

     Don't forget, folks in all the other constituencies can also join the at-large. If the logic that is being used to block the individual domain name holders constituency were applied to the other constituencies they too would have to be dissolved because they are, under the rubric of that logic, represented via the at-large.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01280.html 

     The At-large has nothing whatsoever to do with DNSO constituencies. That is a smokescreen of confusion put up here by  ISOC/CORE, who are creating the same diversions as always, and getting away with it, in the existing constituencies, including the NCDNHC.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01425.html 

     there is an irreductible disagreement between: a) those who think that the constituency system must be removed first through a modification in the bylaws and then to be carried a serious joint study with the all the concerned parties including the @large Study Group over the two years to come (the planed duration of that group), b) those who want a long and complex process to be started within the existing constituency model to respresent the individual domain name registrants interests.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01566.html 

     The thought even crossed my mind that all this talk of an added IDNH/O Constituency is quite possibly a smokescreen for the dissolution of the @Large Membership.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02128.html 

     The DNSO is responsible for recommending *domain name policy* and not making ICANN re- organization recommendations (even if they don't *appear* as such!). Also, the @Large is not responsible for policy recommendations. The functions of the proposed IDNH/O and the @Large are therefore quite distinct, and *must not* be lumped together in some sort of simplified revision of the facts. Finally, IDNH/O membership imples domain holdership/ownership, this is *not* the case or qualification for the @Large membership. This WG has not effectively sanctioned any correlation between the @Large and the IDNH/O!!!!!!!!! Any such revisionary activity is highly suspect and culpable.   http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02231.html
 
     f one is willing to say that the at-large absorbs the need for a DNSO constituency for individual domain name owners, then it is equally true that the at-large absorbs the need for DNSO constituencies for businesses, intellectual property interests, registries, ane registrars.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02232.html

PROPOSAL:  THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AS A CONSTITUENCY

     For example, a possibility I suggested long ago was that the GA should be given three votes on the NC. I no longer consider this such a good solution, but there are unique problems with an individuals constituency that make consideration of alternatives important. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00056.html 

     Actually, this is why some of us are in favor of the GA getting it's own vote on the NC and recognition by the ICANN BoD. I think that this is a good bicameral model.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00273.html 

     I think that the GA is the single most important and under-represented organ in the DNSO. Not only should the GA continue to exist, it should elect NC seats directly. If the constituency system fails, as it has, the GA is the only viable fall-back. Otherwise, we have nothing and the DNSO implodes.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00271.html 

     The apparent strength of feeling that the GA should be represented on the NC has not been adequately explored.  To what extent is the desire to see the GA represented on the NC motivated by belief that the current constituencies are not in fact a complete partition of interests, or - furthermore - that no such partition is possible?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00364.html 

     I have proposed several mechanisms for creating such an organization -- in my comments submitted through the Non Commercial Constituency I described a scheme by which the GA could be morphed into such a structure, which has the advantage of gradual and controlled development; quite some time ago I proposed another approach, which you can see at http://at-large.org -- the basic idea is that the constituency would at the start be managed by an *appointed excom*, with elections following some time after the membership had reached a certain size and representativeness.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01487.html 

     To the question "Should the GA be represented in the NC" 10 replied affirmitively, and one disagreed. To the question " If changes are made in the constituency structures, should the GA continue to exist?" there were 11 in agreement, and no opposition. Though this would appear to be a consensus, the question was not cast in consensus form and is being reported as an 11-0 majority.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01537.html 

     When I look at the current DNSO structural model, at the most rudimentary level I see two groups of participants... those who by dint of their contractual relationship with ICANN are obligated to adhere to "consensus policies", and those who have no such contractual relationship. I question the wisdom of the former group having been granted "voting rights" in the Names Council, as it would seem to me that "observer status" would be more appropriate. I also wonder why the GA doesn't have a large block of seats on the Names Council as that too, in my humble opinion, seems appropriate.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02634.html

     I see a need for greater public participation in the DNSO, and believe that enhancing the power of the GA through granting it seats on the Names Council would be an effective way to increase Public participation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02639.html

     If the constituency structure of the DNSO remains unchanged, we urge that the ICANN Board of Directors replace Article VI-B Section 4 with the following text: (a) The GA shall be an open forum for participation in the work of the DNSO, This work includes but is not limited to work item proposal and development; discussion of work items proposed by the Names Council; draft document preparation; research on topics of interest to the DNSO; and recommendations of policies and procedures for the internal use of the DNSO. Adopted reports or recommendations of the GA shall be passed to the Names Council in a timely manner. (b) The GA shall be open to all who are willing to contribute effort to the work of the DNSO. Participants in the GA should be individuals who have a knowledge of and an interest in issues pertaining to the areas for which the DNSO has primary responsibility. (c) Membership in the GA shall consist of those individuals listed in the GA Voting Registry. (d) Participants in the GA shall nominate, pursuant to procedures adopted by the NC and approved by the Board, persons to serve on the Board in those seats reserved for the DNSO. (e) Officers of the GA shall include a chair, a co-chair, and an ombudsman. Officers of the GA shall be elected annually according to the voting procedures adopted by the GA and approved by the NC. (f) The Officers of the GA shall be members of the Names Council. (g) The ombudsman shall be responsible for investigating process issues within the DNSO, including but not limited to conflicts involving the Names Council as a whole. The ombudsman shall report directly to the ICANN Board of Directors. (h) Each constituency formed under Article VI-B Section 3 of these bylaws shall select one member as the constituency observer to the GA. Each observer will be responsible for informing their constituency of the GA's current activities on a timely basis. (i) The GA shall meet physically at least once a year, if possible in conjunction with regularly scheduled meetings of the Board. To the maximum extent practicable, all meetings should be available for online attendance as well as physical attendance. (j) The costs of physical GA meetings shall be the responsibility of the DNSO, which may levy an equitable, cost-based fee on GA attendees to recoup those costs. There shall be no other fees required to participate in the GA. The costs of GA mailing lists or other online mechanisms for performing the work of the GA shall be the responsibility of the DNSO. (k) The GA shall adopt it's internal procedures as it sees fit, so long as they are fair, transparent, and consistent with these by-laws. (l) Upon application by no less than five members of the GA, the Chair of the GA may recognize a Special Interest Group (SIG). Upon such recognition, a SIG shall have a mailing list created by the Secretariat of the DNSO. Each SIG shall have a clearly defined interest area, and shall produce regular reports for the GA's consideration in that area. Each application shall contain a definition of the interest area; a SIG name; and the SIG's method for self-organization.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02706.html

CIVIL RIGHTS/LIBERTIES CONSTITUENCY

     In a few days I could supplement it with more specific information about the problems in the non-commercial constituency. There have been discussions within the constituency of the gap between civil rights/civil liberties groups and education/research networking organizations. A civil rights/civil liberties constituency is a natural counterpart to the Intellectual property constituency - it makes no sense to have one without the other. But, to repeat my broken record, it makes more sense to document problems at this stage than to propose specific constituencies or structural solutions.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00470.html 

     A constituency, if we must have that system, for civil liberties and civil rights would satisfy me.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00554.html 

     I'd say the most urgent was a constituency for groups working on civil liberties, privacy, etc. on the net -- EFF, GILC, CPSR, ... -- if only to counterbalance the big business and trademark interests.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00746.html 

SMALL BUSINESS CONSTITUENCY

     And so, now the owners of small business want their individual and business interests represented. Those interests have NOT been represented. I had no idea all this was going on until I found out the hard way that I was losing my rights as an individual and a small business owner. Big business interests are NOT the Net majority that registers a domain name, they do NOT represent the Internet consumers, they do NOT represent the huge diversity of business on the Internet, and they are the business interests that have been EXCLUSIVELY catered to in that so-called 'consensus' that resulted in the current structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01038.html 

     A small-business constituency would be a very good thing. Would it be useful to think in terms of usage here? That is, individuals might register a domain name for business purposes - in that case, their issues might be addressed in a small business constituency. Individuals and families might also register a domain name for personal purposes - family genealogy, to promote their hobbies, to publish their personal work, and so on. While it can be argued that small-business interests have a niche in the business constituency, people who register a name for personal use clearly lack any vehicle for directly affecting the makeup of the NC or BoD unless they also fit into another group. However, it is a truism that the interests of large corporations are not necessarily the interests of small business. That's why there is a Small Business Administration as part of the US Government. It's pretty clear that the SBA would like to see both an individuals' constituency AND a small business constituency, but people need to organize both. A similar situation to the "small/large business" issue exists within the non-commercial constituency, where the concerns of the educational community may very well differ from the concerns of charitable organizations (just an example). To some extent, I think the issues of fora and representation are a chicken and egg thing. More people or small businesses or educational institutions need to be involved in order to create constituencies, but without constituencies in place it's very hard to get them involved. It would be useful for the NC to recognize this issue and find ways to address it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01041.html 

     The Internation Chambers of Commerce, for example, represents literally MILLIONS of SMALL businesses, and the International Chambers of Commerce is a member of the business constituency. The Business Constituency is organized to include *organizations representing businesses*, and collectively they represent a huge number of businesses, of all sizes. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01049.html 

Percentage of Consumers versus
Companies Registering Domain Names


85% of registrants are companies, BUT 75.5% of companies registering domain names are small businesses, in fact, the smallest of the small:  1 - 4 employees.  also:

...the average income of domain name purchasers is $35,000-75,000  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01055.html 

     The difference is not germane to my point, either. Small businesses are businesses; the business constituency explicitly allows small businesses, and, if they actually participated in the BC, they would control it. That is, there already is a representational home in the DNSO for from 80 to 90% of all domain name registrants -- actually, more, because we do have the non-commercial constituency which allows non-commercial domain name holders who are organizations of any size. That is, the vast representational gap claimed by some is a pure fiction.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01079.html

     Well then, are we proposing a constitiuency which will make up only a very small percentage of internet users? Or shall we propose a small business & individual constitiuency? You should be aware that I am having a real hard time not jumping all over the issue of the veracity of these numbers, as prepared by NSI.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01084.html 

     Comments of the Office of Advocacy U.S. Small Business Administration On the WG-C Interim Report Small businesses are a crucial element to the growth of the U.S. economy. Their dependence on and involvement with the Internet is essential to its growth. In 1998, there were 23 million small businesses in the United States, which represents more than 99 percent of all employers in this country. Small businesses employ 52 percent of private workers and employ 38 percent of private workers in high-tech occupations. Virtually all of the net new jobs in the United States were created by small businesses. Small businesses use of the Internet is rapidly expanding. In the past two years, the number of small businesses with access to the Internet has doubled from 21.5 percent to 41.2 percent. Thirty-five percent of small businesses maintain a Web site and one in three do business transactions through their site. Additionally, according to statistics received from Network Solutions’ registrar service (“NSI”), more than 80 percent of registrations through NSI in .com, .net, and .org is by small businesses with less than 500 employees. Another 10 percent of NSI’s registrations is by individuals for personal or business use. Based upon the number of NSI’ s registrations in December 1999, small businesses have registered more than 5 million domain names. Any policy that detrimentally affects the ability of these small businesses to use the Internet would have a significant impact on this nation’s economy and limit the effectiveness of the Internet as a tool of business and commerce. The first paragraph above as well as the second offer compelling reasons why small business as well as individuals, who comprise both business and consumer interests, should be an integral if not a weighted force, in domain name governance. The regrettable realities of corporate gamesmanship aside, its a logical proposition.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01094.html

      Well now.....to quote the White Paper: "The Board of Directors for the new corporation should be balanced to equitably represent the interests of IP number registries, domain name registries, domain name registrars, the technical community, Internet service providers (ISPs), and Internet users (commercial, not-for-profit, and individuals) from around the world. Since these constituencies are international, we would expect the board of directors to be broadly representative of the global Internet community. " Internet users, Kent - NOT domain name registrants. Internet USERS. Individuals described as a CONSTITUENCY. Every other category of entity in that paragraph has been recognized, either in an SO or as a constituency. The White Paper categorizes individuals with commercial interests and non-profit interests as a desirable constituency. And no, I'm NOT confusing that with at large. So, let's remember first that we're discussing a small portion of all affected people - those who register domain names.A gap exists, nonetheless, and conservatively there are several million people in that gap. As far as small business and the BC goes, you avoided my deliberate referrence to it as "capture". I firmly believe that big business needs a place to articulate it's collective concerns, and that small business needs the same. That wouldn't be the same place.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01096.html 

     i agree with the idea of a SMALL business constituency, with some definition, like "less than 100 employees".  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01153.html 

     We are proposing a constituency of Individual DN holders. This constituency should be hospitable to small businesses that are largely owned by individuals. There is no known effort underway to create a SBDNH constituency (small business DN holders), but this could of course change. The DNSO needs to be ready and open for it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01129.html 

     To give us some idea of how well existing constituencies are covering and attracting people would it be possible for someone from each constituency (Netsol need not bother from gTLD for obvious reasons) to post a quick summary of their constituency, perhaps along the following lines: 1) No of members 2) No of votes cast by members at last Names Council election (good indicator of how many members are active) 3) URL of list of members if public 4) Is funding equal amount per member or relative to size of members. What does it cost to join basically - is this a barrier to small businesses, organisations, ISPs, Registrars? 5) Other germane details The reason this would be useful is at present I would have no idea whether the small business constituency proposed by some is a good idea or not. If it turns out that the business constituency (as an example) consists of Microsoft, IBM and WorldCom then I would be inclined to think we may have a problem. If it turns out (other extreme) that it has 15,000 members who get an equal vote and is not dominated by large businesses then I would be less inclined to recommend adding on a small business constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01130.html 

     However, this brings up an important point concerning the basic structural nature of ICANN/DNSO. Clearly, the absolutely overwhelming majority of the 35 million members of the ICC simply don't have time or interest to devote to participating in ICANN. To *almost everyone*, domain names are in fact a microscopic specialized policy concern, and they would much rather leave it to some organization to represent them.  It's not sensible, therefore, that ICANN/DNSO *directly* support a membership of 35 million small businesses, or hundreds of millions of Internet users, for that matter. The overhead simply doesn't justify it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01151.html 

     Before we all get carried away in support of a constituency for small business (SMEs) I think I should point out that the existing Business Constituency (BC) is currently representing SMEs. The BC represents thousands of SMEs indirectly via its association membership. The BC represents them directly with its explicit category for SME membership - which charges a significantly reduced fee. SME representation in the DNSO faces the same dilemma as SME representation in public policy. SME's are typically too small to afford the time/money commitment to participate in non-core activities. Representation via industry associations is the typical solution.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01156.html 

     I also like the idea of a small business constituency. As many small businesses are in fact sole practitioners, I expect there'd be a large cross-over with an individuals constituency, not only in terms of "size" of member, but concerns and interests. That said, there are multiple forms of "commercial" constituencies (BC, IPC, etc.), the multiplicity lending greater force to their singular agendas. I see no reason why there should not be both a small business constituency (the very existence of the U.S. Small Business Administration is explanation enough that small business requires its own separate business platform), and an individual's constituency. As with other constituencies, no doubt some members will find good reason to join both.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01162.html 

     If there was a small business constituency limited to businesses with under x employees this may be a way of encouraging better small business participation. I imagine one can look at the membership list of the BC and think hey wow I can't foot it with MegaCorp A and B so I won't bother.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01187.html 

     Eric Menge and the US Small Business Administration were supposed to be militating for a Small Business Constituency. Whatever happened to them? Perhaps it's another case of "we left it up to the government".  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01222.html 

CONSUMERS CONSTITUENCY

      On Tuesday, Nader called for the creation of a "World Consumer Protection Organization," comparable to the United Nations' World Intellectual Property Organization, only "more democratically run." Nader, at a National Press Club event, said the proposed WCPO would focus on regulation of privacy, e-commerce, intellectual property, antitrust and Internet governance -- areas he said affected consumers directly.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00992.html 

    In its Memorandum of Understanding with ICANN, the U.S. Department of Commerce committed itself to, among other things, promote "the technical management of the DNS in a manner that reflects the global and functional diversity of Internet users and their needs." How many of the following world consumer organizations have been included in ICANN's Domain Name policy organization: World Consumer Protection Organization Consumer Project on Technology Consumer Federation of America Consumer Alert National Consumer Coalition American Counsel on Consumer Interests Consumers Union of the U.S. Consumers INternational Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue Liga Acción del Consumidor Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Australian Consumers' Association Consumer Affairs Council of the ACT Consumers Federation of Australia Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs Instituto Brasileiro de Politica e Direito do Consumidor Consumers Association of Canada Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile Consumer Council, Denmark Suomen Kuluttajaliitto Organisation Générale des Consommateurs, France Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbraucherverbände Kentro Prostasias Katanaloton Hong Kong Consumer Council National Association for Consumer Protection in Hungary Indian Federation of Consumer Organisations Consumers Association of Ireland Comitato Difesa Consumatori Consumers Union of Japan Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations Procuraduria Federal del Consumidor Association Marocaine des Consommateurs Nederlands Consumentenbond Consumers Institute of New Zealand Consumers Federated Groups of the Philippines Russian Consumer League Association of Slovak Consumers Consumers Institute of South Africa Consumers Union of Korea Federación de Usuarios y Consumidores Independientes de Espagna Sveriges Konsumentråd Consumers' Foundation, Chinese Taipei Uganda Consumers Protection Association Ukrainian State Committee for Protection of Consumer Rights National Consumer Council (UK)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00141.html 

     Others were more concerned with adding constituencies -- for individuals, for domain name holders, for consumer advocacy groups, ... -- to remedy perceived imbalances in the current structure.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01524.html 

     Second, it seems clear to me that there needs to be some formal representation of what I will call a "consumer interest constituency" (to avoid the baggage associated with various names that have come up, and to avoid any prejudices about "owner" vs "holder" vs "user", "individual" vs "organization", and so on). Over the years there have been multiple calls for such a thing, in various guises (some of them made by me), and the need has not gone away.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01487.html 

     Respectfully I submit that if the clear results of this wg's analysis is discarded, and there is the resulting lack of faith in how the internet is managed, Mr. Nader may well obtain the support he needs to move this concept forward. It is conceivable that the failure to share power may result in complete loss of power.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01178.html 

     So, as far as a "consumer interest constituency" is concerned, I have the following concrete recommendations: 1) the Board should mandate that one be created; 2) that the problems that have evidenced themselves require that it be created as a special case, probably in a top-down and carefully controlled fashion; 3) that it not be created until the issues of its interactions with other structures in the DNSO (GA, BC, and NCC, at least) have been explored at some length.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01487.html 

STLD CONSTITUENCY

     I'm interested in that proposition, but the "How" has to be included, otherwise that will be left to those who resist these changes and can dilute the value of the move by choosing the ISOC or other body already in power to represent the individuals and some other group already there to take on the task of representing the STLDs. So any proposal that states we recommend this must also come with a process and a decision still needs to be made whether or not Constituency is the answer to the proper structure in the first place.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00163.html 

     [STLD] specialized TLD constituency, Report requested by WG-Review Members It has been first seconded  ("I second your motion for the creation of a sTLD constituency group. A review of the applicants at the recent board meeting shows many special purpose TLDs that function somewhat differently than the typical definition of at gTLD. I believe it is a topic worth pursuing").  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00169.html  

END USERS CONSTITUENCY

     Though users and registrants pay twice. The registries and registrars pass their costs on to their customers, and then we ask those same customers to pay up again if they want direct representation.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00374.html 

     Quite true. The argument that users are represented in ICANN by their service providers, an argument I have heard expressed repeatedly to justify the exclusion of users from the DNSO, is without weight because the interests of users, who pay but aren't paid, are not the same as those who both pay and are paid, for the simple reason that users have no one to pass their costs to downstream, except, if they are commercial users, their customers, and even such cost-deferral is not part of computable Internet economics. And of course non-commercial users, who remain 50% of traffic, have no one at all to pass their costs along to. What ICANN has done by excluding end-users is set up an artificial opposition - users versus providers - whereas until now users and providers have for the most part been in a cooperative relationship. The antinomy users vs. providers is a harbinger of no progress for the Internet and the world it is meant to serve.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00380.html 

     > Is there general agreement that the users should have the largest say on the  governance of the internet?> The beauty of this simple fact is that by implimenting it is a win win. The truth of the matter is that the large corporations, registrars and governments will always be very powerful and maintain the upper hand. But by leveling the playing field so at least you and I can get a vote and have an imput along with our fellow netizens, we become empowered and the special interests obtain more credibility and a forum in which to attempt to get us to buy their views(and products). The more friendly the atmosphere the more it is used and everyone gets a piece of a much bigger pie.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01016.html
 
     As the thread of the discussion thus far in these postings has been focused on defining that which constitutes a “stakeholder” and a “constituency”, I would argue (on behalf of all those individuals that like myself are new to the internet), that any domain name registrant who has tendered currency in order to participate in the dream of the Internet is a legitimate stakeholder, and that ICANN and the Names Council (by way of the Registries), have at their disposal the technological means by which a valid registrant consensus may readily be obtained.  In short, you have in your WHOIS databases our email addresses.  Registrants are the widest possible set of Internet stakeholders.  Ask us your questions.  You will receive our answers.  Tally the results.  You will have a consensus.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00439.html 

Thus the issue of ICANN and support organizations could focus on the business communities interests and another unique council could be created to protect the individual's use of the Internet.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01279.html 

     Everyone who uses the Internet has a stake in domain names, since it is only possible to send email, surf the Web, have a website, and do all the other things that the Internet allows through a domain name, either someone else's or your own.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00623.html 

     I just spent an illuminating hour and a half reviewing ICANN's organizational information and the registrars agreements and I am now certain that whatever restructuring occurrs it must include your notion of the board having a clear majority derived from users or customers. If someone were to suggest that the governance is not controlled by registrars I would now be offended.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01005.html 

     Clearly, individuals who would like to have a domain but can't get one for some reason are legitimate stakeholders in any discussion of domain policy. I believe it is illegitimate for *any* constituency to make registration of a domain a requirement for membership. In practice, of course, many who become involved in domain name policy issues have registered at least one domain. But it should not be a requirement for full participation in the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00249.html 

PUBLIC POLICY CONSTITUENCY:
  As a member of the public, it has become increasingly clear to me that for a long time there has existed a sizable worldwide group of organizations actively pursuing improvements at ICANN for the benefit of the general public, a group that meets all the criteria for Constituency representation - a Public Policy Group.  These organizations have been responsible for spearheading legislative actions, for ensuring a necessary level of congressional oversight, for thorough research and analysis into matters that affect the global Internet community.  It is time for such a Constituency, a group committed to working hard to bring about necessary
change; this will serve the best interests of the Corporation.
http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02850.html

In principle I support this but what lines would you draw to define the borders of this group?
Would it include individuals? Host masters? Small business?
Large Corporations? Ultimately they all deserve input into 'public policy' and as such would
all want to be in such a group.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02864.html

ELECTORAL COLLEGE STRUCTURE

The electoral college is the system that resulted when two opposing groups compromised in order to establish a functioning system. Some of the United State's founders did not trust the masses to make educated decisions about who would be the most qualified to lead the country. Others wanted to insure that the people had the ultimate say in how officials were elected. And so they compromised! It also insures that the votes of people living in less populated areas are as powerful as those that live in the larger cities. There are some interesting comparisons between what we are doing here and the establishment of the US Electoral College.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00977.html 

REPRESENTATION BY NATIONS

I prefer democracy. Considering the nature of the writings, in the message to which I respond, would it not be better, to replace the special interest group constituencies, with a council of representatives, one from each formally recognised country, with each representative having equal voting power, whether the country be Sierra Leone, or the USA? That would be interesting.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01323.html 

That would be the Government Advisory Council (GAC) if I understand you correctly. Whole different kettle of fish, but such a group does exist.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01327.html 

Perhaps all nations could submit representations in five categories: (1) ccTLD registry/technical (2) individuals/sole proprietors (3) corporate (4) education/non-profit (5) government? How many countries at last count? All told, with a single representative in each category, it will probably run some 1500?? or so (very rough estimate, would appreciate exact figure...). From within each of the resulting 5 global constituencies, an equal number of representatives will send an equal number of Chairs to Council/Board. Does it ultimately come down to 5 equal votes at the top? or more? Whatever the case, full accountability and responsibility at all levels must be ensured in the Constitution and Laws of any new Organization intended to replace the existing framework.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01329.html 

No, I meant a representative of each country, elected by the Internet users of each country, not some government appointed person with the sole purpose of representing only the interests of the poltical party(ies) in power.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01356.html

So, what I am proposing is that the constituencies that make sense are nations. We are not going to get true IDNO representation from some nations, (e.g. China), so why not form constituency groups around our current geopolitical system, and then foster grassroots organizations that bring about new ideas. We can not change the world in an instant. I again call for the disbandment of consensus as we define it, and possibly the dissolution or remodeling of ICANN.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01490.html 

I agree that at least two constituencies ought to be added to the DNSO; namely, an Individual Domain Name Holders Constituency and a Consumer Constituency.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01493.html 

Only a supported national structure within each country could handle such a question at this point in time. This issue brings us back to the question of a viable and democratic constituency structure. Something along the model of the U.N. must be seriously considered. Earlier in our discussion I submitted the following questions: "Perhaps all nations could submit representations in five categories: (1) ccTLD registry/technical (2) individuals/sole proprietors (3) corporate (4) education/non-profit (5) government? How many countries at last count? All told, with a single representative in each category, it will probably run some 1500?? or so (very rough estimate, would appreciate exact figure...). From within each of the resulting 5 global constituencies, an equal number of representatives will send an equal number of Chairs to Council/Board. Does it ultimately come down to 5 equal votes at the top? or more?" These national constituencies would have their own translators from the pooling of resources (according to..., the ccTLDs already get the goods for free).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01593.html 

Actually your Federal concept has agreat deal of merit. Suppose we make our constituencies like the U.S.A. states, two senators from each state, any territory can petition to be a state.(constituency Group) This forms a senate.(DNSO) Then based upon mere population we have popular elections for the House (GA). Wait a second, isn't that what we are proposing. Something sure looks, smells and acts like a governing body.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02275.html 

NAME HOLDERS CONSTITUENCY

I will be offline for a few days, but after that I would like to re-visit and elaborate on my original proposal (see list of dec 30, 2000) for a re-division of the voting power of the existing constituencies on the NC and the creation of a big Name Holders Constituency (NHC) that would hold 9 seats and consist of the Biz.Name Holders, the Non Commercial Name Holders and the Individual Name Holders. The other constituencies together should also hold 9 seats and the Chair should hold the balance. I would at least like to see this proposal included in the report.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02188.html 

You may have seen my proposal for a "super" DN holder constituency, made up of the Business-constituency, the Individual DN Holders' constituency and the NCDNHC (and having 9 seats on the NC).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02600.html

OTHER CONSTITUENCIES

     Agreed. And how about creating a new constituency for true non-commercial domain name holders, since the current NCDNHC is controlled by ISOC? At present, there is no constituency in which an honest-to-god non-commercial domain name holder, whether individual or organization, can function openly and effectively.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00079.html

CONCERNS ABOUT THE ccTLD CONSTITUENCY

     Yes, we (ccTLD) are studying possible alternatives in our relationship with ICANN. Also, we feel tha ccTLD participation potentially lends geat credibility to ICANN in terms of validating "International Status", and should help the ICANN goal of getting control of the root deligated from US Dept of Commerce.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00157.html 

Since ccTLD constituency is in the DNSO structure at this juncture, it might be more productive to discuss bigger picture for WG-Review's recommendation to the Names Council. 1. [DNSO Structure Discussion] ccTLD should be in the DNSO? 2. If not, what could be the potential model 3. [NET Sovereignty] If so, what kind of relations should there be between ccTLD and ICANN 4. What kind of relations among ccTLD vs ICANN vs GAC  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01672.html 

[DNSO Structure Discussion] ccTLD should be in the DNSO? If not, what could be the potential model? I think these would legitimately fall in the constituencies discussion, and would hope that we have a lot of input from ccTLD folks.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01731.html 

Domain Name System General Assembly (DNSGA) http://www.dnsga.org Maybe the international Internet community, and more specifically ccTLD representatives, need to participate in a new organization wholly separate from ICANN?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01739.html 

From what I can gather, you established DNSGA less than six months ago. Please correct me if I am mistaken. Since then, you say you have received "overwhelming support from representatives of country-code top-level domain registries (ccTLDs) and from the international Internet community." If so, clearly DNSO is not delivering all that the ccTLDs want and I wonder what role the DNSGA is fulfilling exactly that cannot be matched by ICANN. Here are my questions:- In relation to constituencies:- 1.) What would be the advantages for ccTLDs to leave DNSO and join an organization independently of ICANN ? 2.) What kind of relations do you anticipate between DNSGA and ICANN? In relation to procedure:- 3.) Do you anticipate difficulties with the multi-lingual aspects of a growing international organization? 4.) How does the process by which you function and create policies etc. differ from the DNSO/ ICANN?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01741.html 

The problem I see here is that ccTLD representatives and their constituency members believe that the DNSO or any other ICANN affiliated organization will not act in the best interest of the international Internet community and ccTLDs constituency concerns. I believe that ICANN has not acted in the best interest of the international Internet community and ccTLDs and this has caused ccTLD representatives to not trust the DNSO and ICANN process. Let's be real and honest here. If you have participated in these processes, can you blame them? I would like to believe that the DNSO and ICANN can do more for the international Internet community and ccTLDs constituency concerns than just give them a forum to voice there concerns.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01742.html 

A clarification- Even though the ccTLD already has its own organization, our objective is to work within and reform the ICANN process. That is why we (some of us, anyway, both directly and within our organization) are participating in the WG-Review process.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01774.html 

I believe that it is time for real international constituency representation and how can the international Internet community trust ICANN or its supporting organizations?  Answers to your questions in short order below:  >In relation to constituencies:-
>1.) What would be the advantages for ccTLDs to leave DNSO and join an
>organization independently of ICANN ?
Answer:  I believe that an organization independent of ICANN would be a more productive one than one directly affiliated with ICANN.  This is because it is hard to trust a dog that has bitten a hand that feeds it.  2.) What kind of relations do you anticipate between DNSGA and ICANN?
Answer:  The DNSGA plans to do what it can to convince ICANN and the United States of the concerns and productive objectives of the international Internet community.  >In relation to procedure:-
>3.) Do you anticipate difficulties with the multi-lingual aspects of a
>growing international organization?
Answer:  No.  >4.) How does the process by which you function and create policies etc.
>differ from the DNSO/ ICANN?  Answer:  The DNSGA is a new organization and its policy making processes and functions are still under development.  The DNSGA will rely on international constituency participation and its membership for direction.  The DNSGA will accept contributions to fund DNSGA efforts.  This will in part allow compensation for DNSGA administration and lawyers to effectively communicate to ICANN and the US the concerns and productive objectives of the international Internet community.  Will anything less than this work?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01743.html

[DNSO Structure Discussion] ccTLD should be in the DNSO? I think that the ccTLDs should both be a constituency within DNSO as they have a huge interest in domain name policy but also be a Supporting Organisation of ICANN with direct appointment of Board Members in recognition of vital role in global recognition of ICANN, and the large amount they fund it. It is interesting that DNSO/ICANN has so far only made policy relating to gTLDs. A key question will be whether ICANN will attempt to make global policy for ccTLDS (personally a silly thing to do and quite possibly impossible to implement).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01946.html 

That is interesting idea- and one which we have not thought about before within the ccTLD- we were kind of looking at it as one or the other (inside DNSO vs: separate) I'm going to put that idea on the ccTLD list and see what our constituent's thoughts are...  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01948.html 

There is no requirement for the disassembling of the existing constituencies. A term often used is grand fathering. But I do see great potential for the establishment of a supporting constituency of the users/individuals of domains within ccTLDs, just as we are recommending a IDNH/O constituency. Of course this may dilute the power base of the current ccTLD constituency. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02263.html 

     Clearly, individuals who would like to have a domain but can't get one for some reason are legitimate stakeholders in any discussion of domain policy. I believe it is illegitimate for *any* constituency to make registration of a domain a requirement for membership. In practice, of course, many who become involved in domain name policy issues have registered at least one domain. But it should not be a requirement for full participation in the DNSO.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00249.html 

FUNDING

     I would like to have a system in which a part of domain registration revenues received by ICANN be dedicated to the DNSO functioning.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00734.html 

     f) The Relations between Funding and Rights to Say This issue sounds hot potato which was not directly mentioned in the questionaire and was not still included specific issues of WG members' own list. However, this is going to be undetachable issue whenever Names Council discusses DNSO Budget, ICANN Budget. Therefore, it would be also valuable for WG members to come up with workable financial solution after their first issue-cracking stage. Regarding its methodolgy in Budget process, the necessity of more planned, more transparent and more detailed document is well-described in registrar.com's position paper.[Appendix 8]  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01332.html 

     Now, if anybody's been pushed to pay for the circus as it's been produced to-date, it's the ccTLDs, and I am in complete sympathy with their position in this regard. Each of them has their own governmnet structures and strictures to deal with... everybody's asking them to produce money from all sides. So, I'm proposing that just *before* the TM constituency *is* dissolved, it should be billed for time `served'. After all, just think of how much crap the registries and ccTLD registrars had to put up with from the ONE constituency that did the most talking till now, and never reached into its own pocket (not publicly anyway) to pay its way!  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01313.html 

     let me try to tackle this one real quick ... given the materiality of the contributions requested, this seems to me and many others like simple whining!! educational institutions, non-profit foundations etc. are all funded in order to make them viable & effective. for almost 2 years now we keep getting what seems to be "lame" excuses about the ability of this constituancy to come up with $5000. it just isnt going to fly that far... in fact it just doesnt make sense !! get some of these heterogeneous organizations you talk about here to contribute. it certainly is a "cause & an advocacy" worth fostering .. isn't it ?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00492.html 

     From where I sit the notion of "pay to play" is quite troubling, being nothing more than a hidden poll tax. As pointed out, the business interests (who can easily pay the fees to participate) recoup those fees from the users of the net who thus end up paying twice.  There is a legitimate question of how one pays for DNSO activities. (My own personal belief is that the DNSO ought to be funded out of the domain registration revenues system received by ICANN. But a pre-condition to that would be the re-establishment of the DNSO as a well-functioning policy organ.)  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00727.html 

     Among the causes of the NC's under-performance are: > > **The DNSO has significantly less resources than its needs to do its job. > No organization of the breadth and complexity of the DNSO and the NC could > hope to perform successfully without dedicated, professional support. The > DNSO has operated almost entirely on volunteer efforts and a line of > credit/donation extended to it from AFNIC. This under-funding distorts > nearly everything about the DNSO. Most importantly, it ensures that the > pure level of competence of its work is jeopardized. A bad situation has > been made worse by the casual manner in which DNSO dues are sometimes > treated by some Constituencies, who pay their dues partially, late, or not > at all. (Note that Constituency members probably pay 10 to 100 times more > in pure travel expenses to attend ICANN meetings than they do in DNSO dues!) >  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01494.html 

     As far as fiscal health is concerned, ICANN couldn't have botched that job worse, if they had tried. You don't simply walk up to a business, hand them an invoice, and expect them to pay (exactly what ICANN did to the ccTLDs). You have to convince them that the are getting some benefit from your presence. Where is the value-add? The DNSO is in exactly the same boat. Since the only ones seeing any benefit, thus far, are the TM&IP interests, then they should be sent the bill. I'm certainly NOT a WIPO fan, but if they are getting the benefit, where's their money?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01158.html 

     Please, try to keep your facts straight. The non-commercial constituency has provided $4000 of the $5000 requested, which is, as I understand, about $4000 more than the ISP constituency. But fundamentally I agree - we do have to pony up, and the struggle of some constituencies to do so is one of the problems that needs to go onto the bill of particulars. It is one of the problems of the DNSO. Now try to understand this problem in a deeper, less accusatory way. You represent an industry organization with a direct, simple, financial interest in domain name registration. All of their business is domain names. Of course it's no problem to get them to provide .001 percent of their revenues to support the cartel--er, ah....self-regulatory agency. We represent a group of organizations that have almost nothing in common save their non-commercial nature, who make no money on domain name registrations, and if you asked the executives of these organizations about domain name policy, it would be off their radar screen unless some disaster happened, such as being threatened with the loss of a domain name. (Try marching into a faculty senate meeting and telling a university with 124 curriculum changes, 200 program budgets to approve and hundreds of other items related to their core mission that they should expend a significant amount of staff time or money on the formulation of domain name policy. It isn't easy.) Is it really so difficult for you to understand that distinction? I would hope that as chair of the Names Council, you would try to rise above partisan, narrow constituency perspectives and look at the bigger picture. The DNSO leadership's constant refusal to do so is one of the reasons we're here. It would be enlightened self-interest on your part to stop viewing us as troublemakers and realize that the DNSO needs critical input and participation from civil society to achieve legitimacy.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00500.html 

     Focusing on the consumer perspective would be nice and probably forward thinking. The problem that has been discussed repeatedly in this WG is which "consumers" carry more weight and have a more vested interest in these decisions. As an individual and a small business my concerns usually match up, however if you look at those making a "living off the internet" they appear to want different results than someone like me.  So balancing the needs of funding with the desire to have as many people participate as possible becomes a fundamental point in governing from the ground up.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00738.html 

     This concept definately should be included in any reccomendation, probably as 2 or 3 concepts so that the funding baby does not get thrown out with the constituency bathwater. http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01871.html 

     We need to devise some way to fairly and equitably pay for the cost of what we are doing. And we need more money than that- for outreach, to advertise, stimulate, and encourage more participation by the stakeholders whos voices we never hear.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00751.html 

     At the last teleconference meeting of the Names Council, the motion was introduced to require any new constituency to immediately share equally in the financial obligations of the DNSO.  The motion itself did not meet with any opposition.  I have concerns about this top-down form of financial gerrymandering.  I can envision a number of potential constituency groups, such as consumer protection organizations, child protection groups, independent domain name holders, etc., who will be inordinately challenged to raise the funds required solely to be heard in this forum, especially as future budgets will assuredly increase dramatically to meet coming demands.   While future groups such as a labor union constituency or a small business constituency may be able to underwrite such expenses, I have tremendous misgivings about the ability of other future constituencies to raise such funding, thereby becoming disenfranchised.  The funding mechanism as envisioned by the Names Council, in my humble opinion, seems to violate the ICANN by-laws that state, “Each Constituency shall self-organize, and shall determine its own criteria for participation.”  If constituencies are to be part of the future model, over the opposition of those who like myself would prefer to see the abolition of the constituency structure, then let us at least act in the spirit of inclusiveness, and allow for those groups with limited resources to better participate.  Another budgetary model should be proposed.http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02186.html    

Just one question: Doesn't WIPO contribute here? Seems to me they've had their fair share of input to date... shouldn't they be shouldering some of the costs? Aren't the Intellectual Property people a represented constituency within the DNSO?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00766.html 

      Of course WIPO should contribute! As should ALL represented groups. Also, there is a separate set of contributions- the larger one is to ICANN, and a smaller one is DNSO contributions. All constituencies in the DNSO are asked to contribute to DNSO costs- as determined by the NC budget comittee- However some of the constituencies don't pay anything, or they pay less than their share, or they pay late- and there is no formal mechanism for financing webcasts, servers, technicians, scribes, etc.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00774.html 

     Transparency in the budget process would lend additional credibility to the DNSO, as well as make future voluntary contributions to the budget more likely. Constituencies would be more enthusiastic about their involvement if they had a clearer idea how dues were being allocated. Currently, budget information is posted within the minutes of NC meetings and teleconferences, as seen in the Scribe's Notes from the NC meeting on November 14, 2000 in Los Angeles (http://www.dnso.org/dnso/notes/20001114.NCmdr-minutes.html). While the information presented in such reports is important, it does not contain sufficient detail nor does it allow an outside reader to know what is the final or formal budget of the DNSO. A separate, detailed report would allow constituency members and other interested parties to gain a better understanding of the DNSO's work. To achieve these objectives, register.com would like to recommend that: A. A standing format be developed for reporting DNSO budget information, including sources of income, itemized expenses, and other relevant information. B. This information be presented in an accessible format on the DNSO website.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00911.html 

      Is there some way you can agree to "pay to play" at least to fund > the infrastructure necessary to maintain the web and list serves, > and a reasonable amount of scribes for documenting all of this? How about this? Domain name registries in open gTLDs accept registration fees from domain name registrants or registrars. ICANN takes some small percentage of these fees to fund its operations. Registries, registrars, and domain name registrants reach consensus on the amount of the money that ICANN can collect and the amount of money that the registries can pass on to their customers (registrars or registrants).  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00949.html 

     If ICANN is to be independent, and, if ICANN incurs expenses, then, it appears that ICANN must be self-funding. I believe that the appropriate way to achieve that, is a fixed tax on all domain name registrations - both gTLD, and, ccTLD, for example, a tax of (if the USA currency is to be the currency of ICANN :( ), 1USD per year, on each registered domain name, charged to the domain name registrant, by the domain name registrar, and, paid to ICANN, by the domian name registrar. The amount that I have mentioned, is arbitrary, and, would need to be modified according to the requirements to be funded.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00961.html
 
     One can argue that name holders ultimately pay 100% of the ICANN Budget because all the registry and registrar fees come from name holders.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00321.html 

      As has already been pointed out by myself and others, Name Holders ARE the ones providing the FUNDS! Name Holders are the ones buying DOMAINS! I think that constituency has already paid its fair share. What about WIPO and certain others?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00392.html 

     Should we sometime workout a definition of what is a domain name we will discover that you cannot "tax" many forms of domain names. But you certalinly can charge for an IP address. Hopefully this is the solution for the ICANN.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00979.html 

     There is a problem of funding of the common resources. The basis is the IP address. Let pci on $ per annum and address.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00982.html 

     Excellent, personally another $2 or $3 per registration for this purpose is not a hardship and that alone is more funding than is currently required by all parties. That coupled with the TM Constituency becoming part of the Business Constituency and adding an IDNH Constituency would go far toward leveling the playing field and the budget being provided in this way would disallow the argument they make of who would be funding it. Since we are ALREADY the ones funding it through proxy anyway, this would just clarify to them where the money has always been coming from in the first place.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01019.html 

     The entire funding can come directly out of domain registrations and that model would more than pay the current budget.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01020.html 

     We have to discuss the funding of the DNSO. IMHO the activities of the DNSO should be on the ICANN budget. The DNSO is an SO consulting for the ICANN. Usually a consultant is not paying it client, it is the othe way around.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01023.html 

     I even like the concept of paying to play in the business world. But in every business community that I work within...if only the "Big" guys play, eventually everything falls apart. I could hypothesize on why this happens but sooner or later I think it gets down to the "Big" guys are outnumbered by the little guys. So the best bet for the "Big" guys is to get the little guys on their side. And that includes defining fair play, fair and clear rules, a clear understanding on how to participate, and thoughtful, maybe even visionary planning.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01025.html 

     This idea was actually suggested and bandied about at one of the formative meetings in 1998. The idea was that ICANN would take $1 of the registration fee and provide, in return, membership in ICANN and an info packet to each domain name registrant. Not a bad idea at all, except that the Board's real interest was in the $1/registrant and, when that was quashed by Congress, they gave up the membership part as being a negative with no gain for them.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01040.html 

     This concept definately should be included in any reccomendation, probably as 2 or 3 concepts so that the funding baby does not get thrown out with the constituency bathwater.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01047.html 

RESPONSE TO THE TASK FORCE QUESTIONNAIRE

     Constituencies: · Are the constituencies a correct division? Are all DNSO interests adequately represented in the existing constituency groups? Do the current divisions aggregate individuals or entities with closely aligned interests and permit the development of focused positions? · Should the constituencies be reformulated by combining user constituencies? By combining provider constituencies? In some other way? · Is it up to each constituency to define its relationship with NC representatives or should the DNSO/ICANN have some minimal mandatory requirements for all? · What happens if an elected NC rep does not attend NC meetings, ignores constituency members? Is this up to the constituency to address, or should it be brought to the attention of the NC? · Are the constituencies fulfilling their role as open and transparent channels of dialogue and discussion toward the development of community consensus? Do they allow effective development of collective positions of those with similar interests? Does this process promote the development of overall community consensus? · Does the current constituency division minimize the effectiveness of the DNSO and NC? · Are the constituencies adequately representing the intended members? Or are there important parts of the Internet Community that may need better representation? · Should there be a constituency for individuals, and if so, how should its membership be constituted? · How do you ensure that individuals who choose to form an individual constituency represent the vast interests of individuals ? · No constituencies have been added since the original seven constituencies were recognized (provisionally) in May 1999. What should be the ongoing process for assessing whether the constituencies serving the goal of providing appropriate forums for affected stakeholder groups?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00100.html 

     It is odd that the Names Council Review Task Force Questionnaire was not circulated on the WG-review list.  >There's nothing surprising in it, really, when you consider that the so-called DNSO Secretary, who does all the DNSO's communications (see above), was a member of the IAHC and has been part of CORE since it began. BTW, so is the Chair of the GA.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00619.html 

     Constituencies: ·a) Are the constituencies a correct division? - Please list these for the benefit of At Large/ GA members of this list may not know what are the current constituency divisions. b) Are all DNSO interests adequately represented in the existing constituency groups? - The absence of a constituency in the DNSO representing the owners or registrants of individual domain names is a persistent area of concern for many participants in ICANN and since the DNSO has a distinct role within ICANN, the At-Large membership is not a substitute for direct representation within the DNSO. c) Do the current divisions aggregate individuals or entities with closely aligned interests and permit the development of focused positions? ·e) Should the constituencies be reformulated by combining user constituencies? By combining provider constituencies? In some other way? - see above - a new constituency in the DNSO is needed to represent the owners or registrants of individual domain names. · f) Is it up to each constituency to define its relationship with NC representatives or should the DNSO/ICANN have some minimal mandatory requirements for all? - DNSO must put all constituencies on the same terms. If not, there will be accusations by members of disenfranchisement. · g) What happens if an elected NC rep does not attend NC meetings, ignores constituency members? Is this up to the constituency to address, or should it be brought to the attention of the NC? - It is not NC's role to sit in judgement on the merits of contributions by democratically elected reps. Members are responsible for ensuring their reps perform tasks they were elected to carry out. ·h) Are the constituencies fulfilling their role as open and transparent channels of dialogue and discussion toward the development of community consensus? - i) Do they allow effective development of collective positions of those with similar interests? Does this process promote the development of overall community consensus? - - if the community as a whole is not properly represented by current constituencies, how can they promote overall community consensus? ·j) Does the current constituency division minimize the effectiveness of the DNSO and NC? - absolutely, - if the community as a whole is not properly represented by current constituencies, not only effectiveness is compromised, but also credibility. ·k) Are the constituencies adequately representing the intended members? Or are there important parts of the Internet Community that may need better representation? - - see above - add a new constituency in the DNSO representing the owners or registrants of individual domain names. · l) Should there be a constituency for individuals, and if so, how should its membership be constituted? - one man one vote electing one representative per 100,000 voters? (If the constituency comprises 1 million, there would be 10 representatives) m) How do you ensure that individuals who choose to form an individual constituency represent the vast interests of individuals ? - you can't. (You can take a horse to water, but you can't make it drink.) Many people chose not to vote in elections and there is no way of knowing whether those that do vote also represent the interests of individuals that don't vote. This system would not discriminate against any individual by age, race, nationality or gender, except perhaps children, who (I include in the interests of accuracy), also own domain names...:-) ·n) No constituencies have been added since the original seven constituencies were recognized (provisionally) in May 1999. What should be the ongoing process for assessing whether the constituencies serving the goal of providing appropriate forums for affected stakeholder groups? - I propose an annual review.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00114.html 

      I submit that only in the case of the gTLD registry constuency can we actually make that claim: there are substantial number of registrars that don't participate in registrar constituency; there are substantial numbers of ccTLDs that don't participate in the ccTLD constituency, and of course the other constituencies the situation is even more obvious -- there are enormous gaps between the "stakeholder communities" and the "constituencies".  In fact, the constituencies are very heterogenous, and cover a very broad range of interests. So, the statement "there is no way to compute how much representation each of the relevant stakeholder communities *in fact* has on the NC, under the current system" is quite literally correct.  To review: we agree that (in your words) "there is no way to compute how much representation each of the relevant stakeholder communities *ought to* have on the NC". Given that, then, there is obviously no way that we can determine appropriate representation for different stakeholders. In fact, not only can we not compute how much representation the relevant stakeholders should have, we don't even know for sure who the relevant stakeholders are. It therefore follows that the idea that the DNSO should be some kind of representative governing body is fatally flawed from the very beginning. It isn't a representative body, and it *can't* be. Thus the admonition in the white paper that ICANN should be "representative" can not be taken to mean that ICANN has to duplicate the processes and structures of representative government, and no one who understands the issues thinks it should. "Representative" should be understood more in the sense of "representative sample" rather than "elected representative".  If there were an individuals constituency, for example, things would not be significantly different -- the balance of the votes might shift a little bit, but nothing at all dramatic. The problems with the current system are NOT that it is unrepresentative. The problems are much more mundane -- the current system doesn't accomplish WORK.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00389.html 

     Any shift would be progress and the current constituencies are not genuinely different. TM holders as one thing and businesses as another and ISPs as another and Registrars as another are not genuinely different when many fit into the "All of the Above" Constituency.  I have a quote for you here too. it describes our current system and leadership. it's by someone whose philosophy they seem to have adopted. "The people who vote decide nothing, the people who count the vote decide everything." ~ Joseph Stalin  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg00412.html 

     No, its my understanding and my observation that the Business constituency and the TM constituency are controlled by essentially the same interests. Interests that have done a good job stepping on small business persons lately, at least where I live. There are more Davids than Goliaths, but the Goliaths have most of the power in ICANN. An individuals constituency will help to even the score.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg01121.html
 
REACTION TO THE DNSO REVIEW TASK FORCE REPORT

     Preliminary Reports - 3. Constituencies and 4. GA Total number of voters: 19 The WG should approve this report 13 The WG should not approve this report 1 Don't know 5 Comments: · Not enough time to debate the issues · I would prefer a stronger mandate in the report · Our time is being significantly whittled away with these "preliminary" reports. So lets stop dicking around and actually get some concrete ideas onto the floor to vote on. BTW the whole of this structure looks like the Fed's alphabet soup. Enough.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02131.html 

     Preliminary Report - 11. IDNH Total number of voters: 21 The WG should approve this report 17 The WG should not approve this report 1 Don't know 3 Comments: · Preventing an individuals voice is a rights violation · Since a few people may hold many domain names, I wonder how such a constituency could operate with full representation of "small" holders' interests.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02131.html 

     RTF Report:  "Discussions within the General Assembly, the Working Group, and other forums on the question of a constituency for individual domain name holders reflect that while not all agree with the need for it, there is sufficient support to explore its establishment. If the constituency is added, a procedure is needed to ensure that it occurs in a transparent manner, is representative of its charter, and that the role of the General Assembly, Non-Commercial Constituency, and the At Large members is looked at in relation to the individual constituency. If established, it should be carefully distinguished from the non-commercial, which should represent non-commercial interests, such as educational institutions, libraries, non-profits etc. per its mandate." Until a substantive warrant is produced, I remain adamant in rejecting *any* so-called "report" which can be construed as involving/implying WG input, specifically in this matter. I think anybody who reads this statement, and who was not aware of the facts, could easily conclude that the WG supported such a statement. This is a flagrant misrepresentation of the facts.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02226.html 

     Why is this WG not clarifying statements made in the RTF Report with respect to its position on Constituencies (and as of tomorrow, the General Assembly) for posting to the public comment forum?       Concerns have been expressed by members about political spin applied by Ms Swinehart to the RTF preliminary Report with respect to this WGs input.
NC should pay attention to the poll result done by WG Review that 97 %
people responded YES. [Appendix 1] Some including one of At-Large Board
Director, Karl Auerbach recommend to eliminate "Constituency" structure
itself, which has not been working out in the DNSO.[Appendix 4]  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02252.html

     Conclusion: Eleven documents or authors are identified as responses within the task force report. Some of these are referenced within the WG-Review preliminary report submitted by Ms Park, which included 24 documents as appendices. An analysis of these documents is beyond the scope of this comment, but it should be abundantly clear that WG-Review members contributed the bulk of material referenced by the task force, and did so in a three week period that included Christmas and New Year holidays.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02293.html 

     I beg to differ. this is another butt-covering exercise, intended to elicit even more input which will then be selectively "processed" for further misrepresentation. This WG must disassociate itself from Ms Swineheart's "reports" and if need be, from Ms. Swineheart herself. Her agenda is clear. Please read Greg Burton's painfully reconstructed Backround of the DNSO review Process. If that doesn't make things patently clear... I am afraid nothing will. Read it (Parts 1 & 2) and then comment on Ms. Swineheart and her activities to-date. Anyhow, I have put forward a motion to vote for WG disassociation from the "report" drafted by Ms. Swineheart. A vote which should include a list of those who voted.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02351.html 

     Recommendation: By Ms. Swinehart "to establish a study to identify specific core issues that need to be addressed in order to determine if and how to establish an individual domain name holders constituency." This working group and the review task force basically concluded that a IDNH's constituency should be formed. The above language is how to "kill a bill in committee". It takes our recommendation and puts it into an ill defined study to find what needs to be addressed, in order to move forward to an "if and how" of establishing what every review group or committee has already concluded is needed, yesterday. Following this recommendation will kill an IDNH constituency for at least, 18 months.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02783.html

     This working group and the review task force basically concluded that a >IDNH's constituency should be formed. The figures are consistently over 75% in favor of it (not counting abstentions) at two physical GA meetings (Yokohama and Marina Del Rey) and in three polls done in the WG here. The original plan, as far as I can tell from the tapes of Yokohama, was for the task force and wg to combine the question of an individual constituency and DNSO review. In other words, seven months ago the BoD was told that the review task force was going to do what it's now recommending be done by someone else, later. In Marina Del Rey the motion was made and passed during the GA meeting to create a WG in order to create that constituency. A motion was made and passed here to do the same thing. Nothing has happened, or I now believe will happen, until Melbourne at the earliest, and only if the BoD does something directly. Up until yesterday, I still had some hope that the NC would create the WG to deal with the issue, as they promised the Board in Yokohama. I no longer believe that they will, despite the best wishes and efforts for that outcome by some of the NC members.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02799.html

     Thus it appears that of the six multi-member constituencies, only one produced a report as a constituency, and that one contains no information about the number of participants or the process used to produce it.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02389.html

     We can only hope that future task forces also will issue such well-considered single-author recommendations... after all, why implement any changes when one only needs to implement more studies about everything?  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02846.html

     is it my lack of English understanding or is there a suggestion by the Task Force for anything else than a further study? I understand why they were in such a hurry.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02844.html

     I am, none the less, very disappointed in the report. I know that many of you who've been participating could have been putting the time to very productive use elsewhere. I still feel that we need to find ways to make ICANN fulfill it's greater mission, which is (as I understand it) to phase internet control out of USG control into international autonomous being. No small feat.  http://www.dnso.org/wgroups/wg-review/Arc02/msg02848.html

EDITOR'S PERSONAL REMARKS

The participants in this Review Working Group understand that consensus is a process, a process which is now being threatened by the very group charged with managing such consensus.  The Group understands that repeated efforts have been made by members of the Names Council to impede our work, to prematurely terminate the life of this Working Group, and to grossly distort our findings through an irresponsible Task Force Report.   As such, the claim will not be made that the above-cited chronicle of comments represents consensus, only that certain conclusions are self-evident, and that consensus on remaining issues would be possible were we to be given the opportunity to complete our efforts as per the Terms of Reference first provided by our Chair.   We require an additional three months to arrive at consensus formulations.  We hope the Board finds our preliminary observations to be of sufficient value to warrant a decision mandating our continued efforts.

     
     
     

 


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