[gnso-igo-ingo] RE: Protection of the RCRC designations and names and the ICRC/IFRC initials/acronyms (follow-up to the Conference Call of 7 August)

["Gomes, Chuck" <cgomes@xxxxxxxxxxxx>]

Thanks Stephane.  I note that it is acknowledged that acronyms do not enjoy the 
same amount of legal protection as the names themselves.  Regardless, it does 
seem to me that we need to request an expansion of the General Counsel’s 
analysis to include acronyms.

Chuck

From: Stephane Hankins [mailto:shankins@xxxxxxxx]
Sent: Friday, August 09, 2013 3:14 AM
To: Gomes, Chuck; gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx
Cc: Thomas Rickert; Brian Peck; mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; "Christopher RASSI 
(christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)"@icrc.org; Catherine Gribbin
Subject: Protection of the RCRC designations and names and the ICRC/IFRC 
initials/acronyms (follow-up to the Conference Call of 7 August)

Dear Chuck,

(1) Thank you for your message.

Further to your request, we would like to confirm that the issue of 
acronyms/initials has been raised from our side to the working group in the 
past. I could research the transcripts of the successive calls, but in any 
case, you will note that the issue was highlighted in a number of past written 
communications to the WG:

-        our message of 24 January 2013 (paragraph 3),

-        our message of 8 February 2013 (paragraph 2)

-        our message of 11 March 2013, which also included a proposal for an 
eventual criteria to qualify the protections due to the acronyms of IGO/INGO 
identifiers:

quote
(2) As to the issue of acronyms of organizations, as we mentioned during the 
last conference call, it might indeed be required from a general perspective to 
seek to define criteria for their protection and reservation, based for 
example, besides protection under international law and/or the domestic law in 
multiple jurisdictions, on international recognition, commonality of usage 
and/or the level to which the concerned organizations are identified and known 
by their acronym. One example is the acronym of the International Committee of 
the Red Cross (ICRC, CICR, MKKK) which enjoys a high level of recognition and 
is used and referred to in a number of past resolutions adopted by the 
International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, in which all States 
parties to the Geneva Conventions (195 to date, following the recent accession 
by the Republic of South Sudan) participate as full members. It should also be 
noted that the acronym is also and furthermore an integral part of the ICRC's 
official logo (copied below).

[cid:image001.gif@01CE94F0.240544B0]
Considering that indeed these acronyms, including the acronym of the 
International Federation (IFRC), are not per se protected under international 
humanitarian law treaties and may be in use by other organizations, we would 
agree with the suggestion that the acronyms be subject, when applied for in a 
second-level domain name, to some form of "exception process" or "dispute 
resolution procedure" for applicants claiming to have a legitimate interest in 
registering the acronyms (a procedure for which however appropriate criteria 
would need to be defined).
unquote

The ICRC's official logos highlighting the initials/acronyms of the ICRC in 
French, Portuguese and Russian are found at:

http://www.icrc.org/fre/
http://www.icrc.org/por/
http://www.icrc.org/rus/

-        our message of 19 April 2013, which confirmed that we would, in line 
with the approach under consideration to address the protection of acronyms of 
IGOs, not be opposed to considering that the acronyms of the two international 
components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the 
International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation of 
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) be addressed through the TMCH subject to 
a waiver of fees and to confirmation of the standing of both organizations to 
activate the TMCH.

quote
-        should the need be felt, we would not oppose the notion of safeguards 
or of a consent based exception procedure for demonstrated rights holders, as 
has been proposed within the Group, and thus in particular with regard to the 
acronyms of Red Cross or Red Crescent organizations.

As noted in past exchanges with the Group, the acronyms of the two 
international organizations within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent 
Movement, namely those of the International Committee of the Red Cross 
(ICRC/CICR) and of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent 
Societies (IFRC), are today well established and their association with both 
organizations widely recognized, including in the context of Resolutions 
adopted by States at the International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red 
Crescent. We would agree that the registration of the said acronyms into the 
TMCH could offer a viable option, subject however to the confirmation that
§        the said acronyms are eligible to be registered under the TMCH; and 
that
§        the respective Red Cross or Red Crescent organizations enjoy standing 
to activate subsequent objection mechanisms and enjoy a waiver of fees in 
registering under the TMCH and in resorting, as may be required, to objection 
procedures.
unquote

Our message of 28 May 2013 also includes the following:
quote
We are attaching herewith for the Group's consideration a series of comments 
and recommendations, essentially intended to recommend that the Report

[…]

5.        that the acronyms of the two international organisations within the 
Movement be afforded protection in their most usual languages. An alternative, 
as discussed within the Group, might indeed be to offer the ICRC and the IFRC a 
waiver of fees to register their acronyms within the Trademark Clearinghouse, 
as well as standing and a fee waiver to activate ICANN's remedial mechanisms 
and objection procedures.
unquote

-         This was also reiterated in our Position paper sent to ICANN's Board 
prior to the Durban meeting (see its Executive summary and page 8).

(2) We do not allege that the acronyms/initials of the ICRC and of the IFRC 
enjoy the same international protections as those afforded to the designations 
or names "Red Cross", "Red Crescent" and "Red Crystal". Considering however the 
high level of association of the acronyms with both organizations and the high 
level of international recognition of these acronyms (in particular of the ICRC 
acronym, which forms a part of the Organization's official logo in English, 
French, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian and is referenced in a range of 
Resolutions adopted by the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red 
Crescent, in which all States are members and participate), our position is 
that these acronyms should not be left without any form or level of protection. 
Consequently, in line with the WG's own most recent deliberations on the matter 
of acronyms or initials of IGO's, our request is that the acronyms of the ICRC 
and of the IFRC be protected in their most usual forms (ICRC / CICR / CICV / 
MKKK) and IFRC / FICR / МФКК) and thus through an effective procedure, existing 
or to be defined, allowing for both an effective notice and a cost neutral 
remedial action for both organizations should these acronyms/initials be 
applied for at top or second level.

With best regards,

Stéphane J. Hankins
Legal adviser
Cooperation and coordination within the Movement
International Committee of the Red Cross
Tel (direct line): ++0041 22 730 24 19
Email: shankins@xxxxxxxx<mailto:shankins@xxxxxxxx>

Christopher M. Rassi
Senior Legal Officer
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Chemin des Crêts, 17 | 1209 Petit Saconnex | Geneva | Switzerland
Tel. +41 (0)22 730 4536 | Fax +41 (0)22 733 0395
Email: christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx<mailto:christophe.lanord@xxxxxxxx>




From:        "Gomes, Chuck" <cgomes@xxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:cgomes@xxxxxxxxxxxx>>
To:        Stephane Hankins <shankins@xxxxxxxx<mailto:shankins@xxxxxxxx>>, 
"gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx<mailto:gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx>" 
<gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx<mailto:gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx>>
Cc:        Thomas Rickert <rickert@xxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:rickert@xxxxxxxxxxx>>, 
Brian Peck <brian.peck@xxxxxxxxx<mailto:brian.peck@xxxxxxxxx>>, 
"mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>" 
<mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>>, "\"Christopher RASSI 
(christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)\"@icrc.org<mailto:christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)\%22@xxxxxxxx>"
 <"Christopher RASSI 
(christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)"@icrc.org<mailto:christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)%22@xxxxxxxx>>,
 "Catherine Gribbin" 
<Catherine.Gribbin@xxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:Catherine.Gribbin@xxxxxxxxxxx>>
Date:        08.08.2013 01:47
Subject:        RE: [gnso-igo-ingo] Protection of the RCRC designations and 
names (follow-up to the Conference Call of 31 July)
Sent by:        
owner-gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx<mailto:owner-gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx>
________________________________



Thanks Stephane.

First let me say that I do recall previous communications from you and your 
team to add “the 189 recognized National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 
(in English, as well as in their respective national languages)”, so I agree 
that this has been requested multiple times before as you document below.  But 
I do not recall you asking for acronyms before;  am I wrong on that?  I am 
aware that the GAC requested that but I don’t remember seeing a request from 
the RCRC for acronym protection.

To all:

Because our request to the General Council did not include an international 
legal analysis of these additional names and acronyms, it seems to me that we 
may need to request that.

Chuck

From: owner-gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx<mailto:owner-gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx> 
[mailto:owner-gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Stephane Hankins
Sent: Tuesday, August 06, 2013 3:45 AM
To: gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx<mailto:gnso-igo-ingo@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Thomas Rickert; Brian Peck; mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:mail@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>; 
"Christopher RASSI 
(christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)"@icrc.org<mailto:christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx)%22@xxxxxxxx>;
 Catherine Gribbin
Subject: [gnso-igo-ingo] Protection of the RCRC designations and names 
(follow-up to the Conference Call of 31 July)

Dear Thomas, dear all,

Further to the Working Group's session of last Wednesday (31st July), and as 
suggested during the call, we would like to provide written comments restating 
our position on the list of Red Cross and Red Crescent designations and 
denominations to be protected and reserved from registration as top and second 
level domain names. We would also like to react and to provide once more 
clarification of our asks and an explanation of why we are asking for an 
expansion of the current list of designations currently reserved in the 
Applicant Guidebook and in Annex 5 to the Registry Agreement. As noted during 
last Wednesday's call:

(1)        Our request that the actual names of the respective Red Cross and 
Red Crescent organizations be protected in addition to the designations "Red 
Cross", "Red Crescent", "Red Lion and Sun" and "Red Crystal" is not new. As 
indicated, it was our understanding from the outset of the PDP process (and of 
its preceding RCRC/IOC Working Group) that in reserving the designations of the 
Red Cross and Red Crescent designations, such protections would duly prevent 
and block the registration, at both top and second levels, of any applied for 
strings which
-        constitutes an exact match of the designations "Red Cross", "Red 
Crescent", "Red Lion and Sun" or "Red Crystal"; or which
-       includes either of the said designations (thus, and consequently, 
preventing the registration of the actual names of the respective Red Cross and 
Red Crescent organizations - namely the 189 recognized National Red Cross and 
Red Crescent Societies, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the 
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies).

This interpretation is based on international law and the domestic law in force 
in multiple jurisdictions. It conforms to the universally approved requirements 
of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, which 
specifically protect the Red Cross and Red Crescent designations in both their 
protective function (as the designations of the protective emblems in times of 
armed conflict) and indicative function (to indicate a link to the 
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement or any of its components).

Defining the protections to cover only the designations per se ("red cross", 
"red crescent" or "red crystal") and not the names of the organizations (e.g. 
"British Red Cross", "Croix-Rouge française", or "Afghan Red Crescent") would 
fail the requirements of international law and of the laws in force in multiple 
jurisdictions which intend to protect the designations at all times. It would 
also defeat the global public interest in preserving the names of the 
respective Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations from misuse, including 
fraud (a major risk, as witnessed in recent disasters during which websites 
were frequently and notoriously set up to divert donations to Red Cross and Red 
Crescent operations in favor of affected persons and communities).

The request to protect not only the designations per se, but also the names of 
the respective Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations is also consistent with 
the objective and scope of the WG and the latter's mandate to consider the 
names and identifiers of relevant organizations.

Finally, we would like, in response to comments presented during last week's 
call, to recall that the adjectives composing the names of National Red Cross 
or Red Crescent Societies and indicating the latter's national affiliation 
(e.g. the word American in the name American Red Cross) cannot be considered as 
a simple pre- or suffix. These form a full-fledged part of the names of the 
respective National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. It is noted in this 
regard that, under the regulations on the use of the emblem by National Red 
Cross or Red Crescent Societies which have been adopted by and approved by 
States, National Societies are required to use their full name for the purposes 
of identification.

(2)        It is improper to suggest that we have been "inconsistent" or that 
we have been modifying our asks along the way.

Members of the WG will recall in this regard that we have been consistently 
calling in the past 9 months for the protections to formally and expressly 
extend to the names (identifiers) of the respective Red Cross and Red Crescent 
organizations (including also the acronyms/initials of the two international 
components of the Movement, the International Committee of the Red Cross and 
the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, their 
acronyms "ICRC" and "IFRC"). Prior to this period, as mentioned in point 1 
above, we were unaware that we specifically needed to provide a finite list for 
protection, as we were under the impression, apparently falsely, that any 
applied for strings containing the designations protected in the Applicant 
Guidebook would also be protected.

This has been systematically and expressly highlighted in all our recent 
written and oral submissions to ICANN and to the WG, including our successive 
written communications to the WG of

-        24 January 2013, point (3);
-        8 February 2013 point (2);
-        11 March 2013 point (3);
-        19 April 2013, point (2);
-        28 May 2013, point (2).

This has also been consistently reminded in our oral contributions to the WG 
Conference Calls.

(3)        Further to last Wednesday's exchange, we also wish to restate that 
our request is that the names be protected in both their official form (as 
stipulated in the national legislation of the concerned National Society), as 
well as their usual or short forms ("American National Red Cross" as well as 
"American Red Cross"; "British Red Cross Society" as well as "British Red 
Cross").

Alan has made the point that this was not clear from our intervention in 
Durban. You will note however that this was implicit in our written submission 
and Position Paper submitted to ICANN's Board and shared with the WG in advance 
of the Durban Meeting, and which included as an annex a draft table of National 
Society names composed of two separate columns highlighting both the official 
and the usual/short names of each National Society. As highlighted on the call 
last week, reserving only the official names without the usual names (often 
themselves displayed within a National Society's logo and/or indicated on a 
National Society's website) would not meet the aim of the protections that are 
sought. We apologize if this was not clear in the first discussion of the WG 
held in Durban.

(4)        While it is correct that the GAC's initial advice focussed on the 
designations themselves, our successive conversations with GAC members suggest 
that it is also their common understanding that the protections and 
reservations of the Red Cross and Red Crescent designations should apply to the 
names of the respective Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations (including the 
names of their respective National Red Cross or Red Crescent Society, as well 
as the names of the two international components of the Movement).

(5)        Please find below a restatement of our request. As indicated below, 
we have, further the discussions and conversations held in Durban, reduced our 
asks with the hope that this will facilitate approval and implementation of the 
protections that are called for. These is also set forth in our most recent 
Public Comment of 17 July and include:

•        A permanent protection in the current and for all future rounds of 
gTLD applications

        The confirmation that the protections accorded to the Red Cross and Red 
Crescent designations and names shall be made permanent and thus, for all 
future rounds of gTLD applications;

•        The express extension of the current protection of reserved Red Cross 
and Red Crescent designations (as foreseen in Annex 5 to the revised Registry 
Agreement mentioned above) to the full names of the respective Red Cross and 
Red Crescent organizations, including the official and usual/short names, of

- the 189 recognized National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (in English, 
as well as in their respective national languages);

- the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation 
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (and thus in the 6 United Nations 
languages - which are also the 6 working languages of the IFRC).

        Such protections could usefully be implemented through an extension of 
the current list of reserved Red Cross and Red Crescent designations to include 
a full list of the names of the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations.

•        Request is also made that the initials or acronyms of the 
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC/CICR/CICV/MKKK) and of the 
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC/FICR) 
should be also protected in their commonly used forms and translations. It is 
noted that the GAC’s final Communiqué to ICANN’s Durban Meeting advises ICANNs 
Board to protect the initials/acronyms of the International Committee of the 
Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent 
Societies, and thus, through an extension of “the same complementary cost 
neutral mechanisms to be worked out […] for the protection of acronyms of IGOs”.

•        The inclusion of the Red Cross and Red Crescent designations and names 
on a “Modified Reserved Names List”. This would importantly preserve the 
entitlement of Movement components to register relevant domain names should 
they require to do so. This would also conform with the above-mentioned 
international treaties and norms, which provide for the entitlement of the 
respective Red Cross and Red Crescent organisations to use the designations in 
order to show their association with the International Red Cross and Red 
Crescent Movement.

•        The establishment of a mechanism or procedure to effectively address 
the issue of strings liable to confusion with the Red Cross and Crescent 
designations and names. This would reflect the requirements of international 
humanitarian law, which expressly prohibit at all times unauthorised use of the 
designations and names, including of “imitations” (Article 53 of the First 
Geneva Convention of 1949). Illustrations of such imitations could be, for 
example, ‘Red Kross’, ‘Reed Crescent’ or “Red Cristal”.

        Further to the conversations held in Durban, we wish the WG to note 
that we have retreated from our request for the establishment of a "string 
similarity review" mechanism, and thus with due consideration to the technical 
difficulties in implementing such a tool in particular at the second level. In 
as much, we wish to express our availability to support ICANN's current 
reflections on the establishment of a new mechanism intended to address the 
rights of legitimate rights holders (whether in the form of an early warning 
mechanism or central repository entrusted to inform legitimate rights’ holders 
in the event the registration of a “confusingly similar string” to their name 
is being sought).

We remain available to discuss the above points further as required.

With best regards,

Stéphane J. Hankins
Legal adviser
Cooperation and coordination within the Movement
International Committee of the Red Cross
Tel (direct line): ++0041 22 730 24 19
Email: shankins@xxxxxxxx<mailto:shankins@xxxxxxxx>

Christopher M. Rassi
Senior Legal Officer
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Chemin des Crêts, 17 | 1209 Petit Saconnex | Geneva | Switzerland
Tel. +41 (0)22 730 4536 | Fax +41 (0)22 733 0395
Email: christopher.rassi@xxxxxxxx<mailto:christophe.lanord@xxxxxxxx>

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