Re: [gtld-council] Update on new TLDs discussion: small group work on "morality and public order"

[Robin Gross <robin@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

I understand the desire to find definitions for these terms.

But we need to keep in mind their context. 

We may be using these terms to define what expression can be prevented. 

/Sub-para 2 says that expression "shall not be subject to prior 
censorship/".
Article 13 (cited) expressly forbids prior censorship -- so we could 
using the definitions, in order to achieve what the Article explicitly 
prohibits: prior restraints on speech.
Robin



Liz Williams wrote:

> Colleagues
>
> In light of yesterday's discussion about the inclusion of the phrases 
> "morality and public order" in the text, I have excerpted below a 
> footnote from Wolfgang Sakhalin's paper (submitted by the NCUC as 
> expert advice) which is available 
> at  http://www.ipjustice.org/ICANN/Sakulin_Legal_Briefing.pdf.
> You'll see in Section 2 Paragraph 2 that the wording about public 
> order and morals is included (as a limiting test on how to apply the 
> Convention).  
>
> /American Convention on Human Rights, 1144 U.N.T.S. 123, Article 13 
> states:/
> /“Freedom of Thought and Expression/
> /1.Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and expression. This 
> right includes freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and 
> ideas of all/
> /kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, 
> in the form of art, or through any other medium of one's choice./
> /2.The exercise of the right provided for in the foregoing paragraph 
> shall not be subject to prior censorship but shall be subject to 
> subsequent/
> /imposition of liability, which shall be expressly established by law 
> to the extent necessary to ensure:/
> /1.respect for the rights or reputations of others; or/
> /2.the protection of national security, public order, or public health 
> or morals./
> /3.The right of expression may not be restricted by indirect methods 
> or means, such as the abuse of government or private controls over 
> newsprint,/
> /radio broadcasting frequencies, or equipment used in the 
> dissemination of information, or by any other means tending to impede the/
> /communication and circulation of ideas and opinions./
> /4.Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 above, public 
> entertainments may be subject by law to prior censorship for the sole 
> purpose of/
> /regulating access to them for the moral protection of childhood and 
> adolescence./
> /5.Any propaganda for war and any advocacy of national, racial, or 
> religious hatred that constitute incitements to lawless violence or to 
> any other/
> /similar action against any person or group of persons on any grounds 
> including those of race, color, religion, language, or national origin 
> shall be/
> /considered as offenses punishable by law.”/
> /
> /
> If the small group that is discussing this particular issue could 
> refer to this as an example and to other examples in different 
> jurisdictions it would be very helpful.
> Kind regards.
>
> Liz
>
>
> .....................................................
>
> Liz Williams
> Senior Policy Counselor
> ICANN - Brussels
> +32 2 234 7874 tel
> +32 2 234 7848 fax
> +32 497 07 4243 mob